Women:

A Biblical

Profile

HARVESTIME INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE

This course is part of the Harvestime International Institute, a program designed to equip believers for effective spiritual harvest.

The basic theme of the training is to teach what Jesus taught, that which took men who were fishermen, tax collectors, etc., and changed them into reproductive Christians who reached their world with the Gospel in a demonstration of power.

This manual is a single course in one of several modules of curriculum which moves believers from visualizing through deputizing, multiplying, organizing, and mobilizing to achieve the goal of evangelizing.

These courses are available via the Internet free of chrage or on computer diskette for a small fee. For further information write:

Harvestime International Institute

3092 Sultana Dr.

Madera, California 93637

U.S.A.

© Harvestime International Institute

TABLE OF CONTENTS

How To Use This Manual      .           .           .           .           .           .           .           .           I

Suggestions For Group Study.           .           .           .           .           .           .           II

Course Introduction    .           .           .           .           .           .           .           .           .           1

Course Objectives      .           .           .           .           .           .           .           .           .           2

1. In The Beginning              .           .           .           .           .           .           .           .           3

2. The Fall of Woman          .           .           .           .           .           .           .           .           11

3. Strange and Virtuous Women      .           .           .           .           .           .           .           23

4. The Book Of Ruth            .           .           .           .           .           .           .           .           36

5. The Book Of Esther          .           .           .           .           .           .           .           .           49

6. The Relationship Of Jesus To Women     .           .           .           .           .           .           58

7. The Ministry Of Jesus To Women           .           .           .           .           .           .           66

8. Women In The Book Of Acts       .           .           .           .           .           .           .           76

9. Women In The Epistles: Specific Ministries       .           .           .           .           .           83

10. Women In The Epistles: Position In The Church           .           .           .           .           89

11. Women In The Epistles: Specialized Instructions          .           .           .           .           100

12. Your Place In Ministry    .           .           .           .           .           .           .           .           113

13. Challenges And Distinctions       .           .           .           .           .           .           .           129

14. Ministry To Women        .           .           .           .           .           .           .           .           139

15. All The Women Of The Bible     .           .           .           .           .           .           .           152

Answers To Self-Tests.          .           .           .           .           .           .           .           167

HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL

MANUAL FORMAT

Each lesson consists of:

Objectives: These are the goals you should achieve by studying the chapter. Read them before starting the lesson.

Key Verse: This verse emphasizes the main concept of the chapter. Memorize it.

Chapter Content: Study each section. Use your Bible to look up any references not printed in the manual.

Self-Test: Take this test after you finish studying the chapter. Try to answer the questions without using your Bible or this manual. When you have concluded the Self-Test, check your answers in the answer section provided at the end of the book.

For Further Study: This section will help you continue your study of the Word of God, improve your study skills, and apply what you have learned to your life and ministry.

Final Examination: If you are enrolled in this course for credit, you received a final examination along with this course. Upon conclusion of this course, you should complete this examination and return it for grading as instructed by your teacher.

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS NEEDED

You will need a King James version of the Bible.

I

SUGGESTIONS FOR GROUP STUDY

FIRST MEETING

Opening: Open with prayer and introductions. Get acquainted and register the students.

Establish Group Procedures: Determine who will lead the meetings, the time, place, and dates for the sessions.

Praise And Worship: Invite the presence of the Holy Spirit into your training session.

Distribute Manuals To Students: Introduce the manual title, format, and course objectives provided in the first few pages of the manual.

Make The First Assignment: Students will read the chapters assigned and take the Self-Tests prior to the next meeting. The number of chapters you cover per meeting will depend on chapter length, content, and the abilities of your group.

SECOND AND FOLLOWING MEETINGS

Opening: Pray. Welcome and register any new students and give them a manual. Take attendance. Have a time of praise and worship.

Review: Present a brief summary of what you studied at the last meeting.

Lesson: Discuss each section of the chapter using the HEADINGS IN CAPITAL BOLD FACED LETTERS as a teaching outline. Ask students for questions or comments on what they have studied. Apply the lesson to the lives and ministries of your students.

Self-Test: Review the Self-Tests students have completed. (Note: If you do not want the students to have access to the answers to the Self-Tests, you may remove the answer pages from the back of each manual.)

For Further Study: You may do these projects on a group or individual basis.

Final Examination: If your group is enrolled in this course for credit, you received a final examination with this course. Reproduce a copy for each student and administer the exam upon conclusion of this course.

II

Module:         Specialization

Course:          Women: A Biblical Profile

INTRODUCTION

There are many voices in the world today speaking on behalf of women.

∙We have heard the voice of what has been termed in some nations "women's liberation" calling for equal rights for all women everywhere.

∙In other nations, the voice of tradition has been raised demanding that women be kept in subjection.

∙Theologians have debated extensively regarding the role of women in the Church.

∙We have heard the voices of psychologists, educators, and philosophers with their various views on womanhood.

In general, concern with the subject of women has focused on their purpose and position in society. Many modern movements promoting liberation for women have overreacted to the problems and concerns faced by women.

The movement towards liberation for women is not new. It can be traced back to the first woman, Eve, who sought liberation from God's rules. But true liberation for women comes only through Jesus Christ and recognition of the patterns and principles governing womanhood revealed in God's Word, the Bible.

This course summarizes all the Bible teaches regarding women. It is not only as a study guide, but a reference tool as it lists all the passages about women and references to all the individual women mentioned in the Word of God.

Now, "Let the earth hear His voice" on the subject of womanhood as we develop from Scripture: "Women: A Biblical Profile."

COURSE OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this course you will be able to:

∙          Summarize the history of women as revealed in the Bible.

∙          List the purposes for which women were created.

∙          Contrast the traits of the two classes of women described in Proverbs.

∙          Explain the role of women during the earthly ministry of Jesus Christ.

∙          Summarize the Biblical position of women as revealed in Acts and the Epistles.

∙          Document with Scripture the ministry opportunities open to Christian women.

∙          Summarize the book of Ruth.

∙          Summarize the book of Esther.

∙          Continue independent study of women from a Scriptural perspective.

∙          Communicate what you have learned to other women.

∙          Start a ministry to women.

CHAPTER ONE

IN THE BEGINNING

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this chapter you will be able to:

            ∙          Write the Key Verse from memory.

            ∙          Provide Scriptural references on the origin of woman.

            ∙          Summarize the divine creation of woman.

            ∙          Describe her Biblical relationships to God and man.

            ∙          Identify the original purposes for which man and woman were created.

KEY VERSE:

So God created man in His own image, in the image of God created He him; male and female created He them. (Genesis 1:27)

INTRODUCTION

The book of Genesis in the Holy Bible is referred to as the book of beginnings. It records the beginning of the world, of man and woman, of sin and God's plan for salvation, and the formation of the nations.

The first chapter of Genesis describes the creation of the world. The second chapter tells of the creation of man with a reference to woman in 1:27. The main references describing the origin of woman are Genesis chapter 2:

And the Lord God said, it is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him an help meet for him.

And the Lord God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam and he slept; and He took one of his ribs and closed up the flesh instead thereof;

And the rib, which the Lord God had taken from man, made He a woman, and brought her unto the man.

And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh; she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man.

Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother and shall cleave unto his wife; and they shall be one flesh. (Genesis 2:18, 21-24)

The Bible reveals that woman was:

CREATED BY GOD:

Genesis 2:7 states that man was created by God from the dust of the earth. God breathed into man the breath of life, and he became a living soul. God decided it was not good for Adam to be alone (Genesis 2:22). God caused a deep sleep to fall on Adam, then He took one of his ribs and from it created the first woman who was named Eve.

Adam called his mate woman, which means "she-man" or "joined to man," because she was taken out of man. This is where the word "woman" originated.

CREATED IN THE IMAGE OF GOD:

Genesis 2:26-27 documents that God created both male and female in His image:

And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness...So God created man in His own image, in the image of God created He him; male and female created He them. (Genesis 1:26-27)

MAN'S FIRST RESPONSIBILITY

Adam and Eve were told by God to:

            ∙          Be fruitful.

            ∙          Multiply.

            ∙          Replenish the earth.

            ∙          Subdue the earth.

            ∙          Have dominion over every living thing on earth. (Genesis 1:28)

It is interesting to note that God's first command to man and woman was to "be fruitful." The Harvestime International Institute, of which this unit is a specialized course, follows the theme

of spiritual harvesting, or fruitfulness, in its curriculum. Spiritual fruitfulness is a Biblical concept traced from this initial command to the final harvest among the nations prophesied in the closing book of Revelation.

Adam and Eve were to be fruitful in each area of their triune nature, physically, spiritually, and mentally as they replenished the earth, subdued and took dominion over it.

WOMAN'S RELATIONSHIP TO GOD

Woman was created by God, in the image of God, with an eternal soul (Genesis 2:7) related to God in a special union. This relationship is spiritual because God is a spirit (John 4:24). God enjoyed a spiritual relationship with Adam and Eve (Genesis 3:8). This union was broken due to man's fall into sin, but God provided a plan to restore man's spiritual relationship with his Creator. You will learn more about this in the next chapter.

WOMAN'S RELATIONSHIP TO MAN

The relationship of woman to man was one of:

LOVE:

Although this is not a study of the subject of Biblical types, a word on this subject needs to be presented in order to understand the original relationship of woman and man. When we speak of a Biblical type, we are referring to the fact that some incidents recorded in Scripture are not only important in themselves, but are examples of even greater spiritual truths.

Many people and incidents of the Old Testament are "types" of spiritual truths revealed in the New Testament. The study of types is one form of Bible study which Harvestime International Institute teaches in the course entitled "Creative Bible Study Methods."

The creation of woman from man is an example of the type of relationship that would later exist between Jesus Christ and the Church. While Adam slept, his side was opened and woman was created. Centuries later when Jesus Christ hung on the cross for the sins of all mankind, through the great sleep of His death the Church was created. Christ's side was pierced with a spear and there came forth a creative flow of blood to redeem and water to purify the Church:

...Even as Christ also loved the Church, and gave Himself for it;

That He might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the Word. (Ephesians 5:25-26)

The creation of woman speaks of a love relationship, similar to that which exists between Christ and the Church. This is a deep, enduring, spiritual love, not a sensual relationship based on external charm or beauty.

COMPANIONSHIP:

God said it was not good for man to be alone. He intended for man and woman to be companions.

HELPFULNESS:

God said He would create a "help meet" for man (Genesis 2:18). The same Hebrew word for help meet, Azyer, occurs forty times in the Old Testament and is often used to speak of God as helper of His people. The word does not mean subjection, as God is certainly not subject to man. Rather, it pictures a giving, loving, caring, relationship of help similar to that which exists between God and man.

COMMITMENT:

Genesis 2:24 speaks of the relationship of commitment between man and woman. The man is to:

            Leave his father and mother:              Mental commitment.

            Cleave unto his wife:                          Emotional commitment.

            They shall be one flesh:                      Physical commitment.

Love, companionship, commitment, and a mutual helping relationship are qualities of the union God designed between man and woman.

SELF-TEST

1.         List the main Biblical references describing the creation of woman.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2.         Check the item on the list below which is NOT one of the original purposes given to man and woman by God.

            _____Multiply

            _____Be fruitful

            _____Subdue the earth

            _____Organize cities and communities

            _____Have dominion over all living things

            _____Replenish the earth

3.         Check the one correct answer. The relationship between women and God is:

            _____Physical only, as we are made in His image.

            _____Not only physical but also a spiritual relationship.

            _____Not possible, due to the fall of man into sin.

4.         List the four main relationships that should exist between man and woman. Provide the proper Bible reference for each relationship.

                        Relationship                                       Reference

             (1)______________________________________________________________________

            (2)______________________________________________________________________

            (3)______________________________________________________________________

            (4)______________________________________________________________________

5.         Check the correct statement regarding the word "help meet" as it is used of woman in relationship to man in Genesis 2. Help meet...

            _____ Means woman is to be like a servant to man.

            _____ Means the same as God being a help meet to His people.

            ______Is not a scriptural term for the relationship of man and woman.

6.         Write the Key Verse from memory:

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

(Answers to tests are provided at the conclusion of the final chapter in this manual.)

FOR FURTHER STUDY

Expand your knowledge about the beginning. Study each Bible reference and summarize what it teaches about creation as illustrated by the example.

Reference                                                                               Summary

______________________________________________________________________________

Exodus 20:11                          God created the world in six days, rested the seventh and called                                                 this day the Sabbath.

Nehemiah 9:6

Job 12:9

Job 26:7

Job 38:4-7

Psalm 24:2

Psalm 33:6

Psalm 95:5

Psalm 102:25

Psalm 104:5

Isaiah 40:28

Isaiah 45:12

Isaiah 48:13

Acts 4:24

Acts 7:50

Acts 14:15

Hebrews 11:3

CHAPTER TWO

THE FALL OF WOMAN

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this chapter you will be able to:

            ∙          Write the Key Verse from memory.

            ∙          Describe the initial fall of woman into sin.

            ∙          List the penalties of sin.

            ∙          Identify the Bible reference which gives the first promise of a Savior.

            ∙          Recognize the cycle of temptation and sin.

KEY VERSE:

And I will put enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise his heel. (Genesis 3:15)

INTRODUCTION

Genesis 3 is perhaps the most tragic chapter in the entire Bible, yet at the same time the most wonderful. Before proceeding with this lesson read Genesis 3 in your Bible.

THE TEMPTATION

Satan enters the scene in Genesis chapter 3 as a serpent, which is another name for him (see Revelation 12:9). He actually appeared in the shape and form of a serpent or snake. To fully understand Eve's temptation, we must note God's initial instructions to man:

And the Lord God commanded the man saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat;

But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shall not eat of it;

            for in the day that thou eatest thereof, thou shalt surely die.

(Genesis 2:16-17)

The first step in Eve's fall into sin was being in the wrong place. In Genesis 3 we find her near the forbidden tree. Proverbs states of the path of wickedness:

Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it, and pass away. (Proverbs 4:15)

Second, Eve should never have entered into conversation with Satan whose first words questioned the instructions given by God:

And he said unto the woman, Yea,hath God said, Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden? (Genesis 3:1)

Questioning the truth of the Word of God is often how Satan starts the temptation process. In answering Satan, Eve misquoted God's Word. She added to God's instructions as well as minimizing the penalty for sin:

But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God hath said, ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die. (Genesis 3:3)

Compare this verse with Genesis 2:16-17. God did not say "neither shall ye touch it." This is added by Eve. Right from the beginning, man started adding his ideas, instructions, and legalism to the Word of God. God also said "thou shalt surely die." This was the penalty for eating of the tree. Eve changed this to "lest ye die," meaning "you might die."

Today, there is the same tendency to minimize the penalty for sin. People say, "Surely a righteous God could not send anyone to Hell!" Actually, God does not send anyone to Hell. Man chooses to go there by his own sinful actions. The penalty for sin remains everlasting separation from the presence of God in Hell. People often do not identify sin for what it is. Abortion is called a method of "birth control" instead of murder. Adulterous relationships are sometimes referred to as "affairs."

In answering Eve, Satan contradicted God's Word:

And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die;

For God doth know that in the day ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye shall be as gods, knowing good and evil. (Genesis 3:4-5)

On the following chart, note the misuse of God's Word in the first temptation:

It is important to recognize this pattern, for it is one Satan still uses when he tempts you to sin. He accuses the Word of God and tries to cause discontentment. Eve was holy before God in the beautiful environment of the garden, yet Satan made her discontent. He made her believe she could become like a god and know everything. Discontent leads to sin. For example, unhappiness with financial situations causes men to rob, steal, and cheat. Discontent with marriage leads to adulterous relationships.

Satan wanted to alienate (separate) Eve from God. Satan claimed God knew she would receive great benefits from eating of this tree. She would be more knowledgeable and become like a god. In essence he was saying, "God must not think much of you, Eve, to deny you this wonderful opportunity." Eve should have answered, "I am already like God," because she was created in God's image.

Always remember: Sin usually comes disguised as opportunity.

THE FALL

Genesis 3:6 describes the darkest moment in human history:

And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat. (Genesis 3:6)

Note the progression into sin:

It is important to note this pattern, as it is the same pattern followed by people today as they fall into sin. First, Eve was in the wrong place. She put herself in a place where she was likely to be tempted. Then she listened to the enemy, Satan.

Next she looked longingly upon that which God had forbidden. Temptation here was still at a distance, but then Eve proceeded to take and eat from the tree. She partook of that which God had labeled SIN.

The final result was that her sin affected Adam when she gave the fruit to him and he ate. When you sin, it usually affects those around you and when they sin, they enter the same destructive cycle of sin.

Psalms warns of a similar progression:

Blessed is the man that walketh not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor standeth in the way of sinners, nor sitteth in the seat of the scornful.

But his delight is in the law of the Lord; and in his law doth he meditate day and night. (Psalms 1:1-2)

First you walk in the temptation of sin. If you do not flee, you will soon be standing (pausing) to think about it. Finally, you will be sitting in the seat of the scornful or settling down in the place of sin.

Look at the following diagram. No matter where you are in the cycle of temptation and sin, the cycle can be broken through the power of Jesus Christ who paid the penalty for the sin of all mankind.

The Cycle Of Sin

∙          Walking in the place of temptation ➱

            ∙          Enticing others to sin ➱

                                    ∙          Hearing Satan's voice ➱

                                                ∙          Partaking: Entering into the sin ➱

                                                            ∙          Seeing the forbidden sin, admiring it ➱

                                                                        ∙          Taking (accepting) the temptation to sin.

The cycle of sin can be broken at any point through the power ofthe cross of Jesus Christ. On the cross, Jesus paid the penalty for sin. He bruised the head or power of Satan so you can be delivered from both the power and penalty of sin.

If the cycle is not broken in your life, then you will influence others around you. You will entice them to sin and the cycle will continue in their lives. Thus, it becomes a continuous chain spreading throughout the world. The cycle can only be broken by the power of the Gospel message of the death of Jesus for sin and His resurrection power over death, Hell, and Satan.

There are only two cycles in the world today in which men exist. One is the cycle of sin. The other is the cycle of salvation: Hearing the Gospel, understanding it, accepting it as truth, partaking of the plan of salvation, and leading others to Jesus Christ.

In which cycle do you want to spend your life?

IMMEDIATE RESULTS OF THE FALL

There were several immediate results of the fall into sin:

KNOWLEDGE OF GOOD AND EVIL:

Immediately after the fall, Adam and Eve were no longer in a state of innocence. They recognized the difference between good and evil and realized they were naked (Genesis 3:7).

SELF-RIGHTEOUSNESS:

Adam and Eve tried to make clothing from fig leaves which is a type (an outward example) of what man tries to do spiritually. Realizing we are sinners, we try to better ourselves. We think self-improvement will correct our sin (Genesis 3:7), but our self-righteousness is as inadequate as the fig leaves were to cover Adam and Eve:

But we are all as an unclean thing and all our righteousness are as filthy rags. (Isaiah 64:6)

FEAR AND SHAME:

When God came to walk and talk with Adam and Eve, they hid themselves in shame and fear (Genesis 3:10). Shame over the past and fear of the future are the basic emotions which generate all other negative emotional responses.

SEPARATION FROM GOD:

God did not remove Himself from man's presence, rather, it was man that removed himself from God. Adam and Eve tried to hide from God. There is another important pattern here. Look at the following chart and note that Adam and Eve:

The knowledge of good and evil, self-righteousness, fear, shame, and separation from God were the immediate results of the fall of man. Other results came with the penalty for sin.

THE MEETING WITH GOD

A special meeting with God followed the fall. God, Adam, and Eve all participated in the conversation:

God..."Where Art Thou?" God's question was not to discover where Adam and Eve were hiding. God is all knowledgeable, and He knew where they were. The reason for His question was to focus attention on their spiritual condition. "Where art thou, Adam? Where are you

spiritually? What has happened?"

God confronts sinful mankind with the same question today. We must recognize our true spiritual condition because without Christ we stand condemned before a holy God.

Adam...Adam answered that he heard God's voice and was afraid because he was naked so he hid himself from God's presence.

God...God's next response was also a question:

Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat? (Genesis 3:11)

God already knew Adam had eaten of the tree. His purpose in questioning was to get Adam to confess his sin:

If we confess our sin, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sin and cleanse us from all unrighteousness. (I John 1:9)

Adam...His answer demonstrated an inability to accept blame. In blaming Eve, he also blamed God:

The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she gave me of the tree, and I did eat. (Genesis 3:12)

God...Then God asked the woman,"What is this that thou hast done?"

Eve...Following the pattern set by her husband, Eve also refused to accept blame. She blamed the serpent for her sin.

God...The rest of the conversation was dominated by God who pronounced the penalties for sin.

PENALTIES FOR SIN

We previously noted some of the immediate results of sin. Now there are additional penalties as God pronounces judgment on the serpent, man, and woman.

ON THE SERPENT:

l.         Changed physical form: The physical form Satan used for the temptation was cursed. The serpent, or snake, originally walked upright but from this time on wiggled on his belly through the dust.

2.         Enmity between Satan and man: This was the beginning of what we call "spiritual warfare," with Satan struggling for the soul of man. This warfare continues to the present day. Harvestime International Institute offers a course entitled "Spiritual Strategies" which focuses on this spiritual warfare and provides strategies for victory over the enemy.

3.         A crushed head: The third penalty on the serpent is actually a promise to sinful man. Although Satan would "bruise the heel" of man spiritually through sin, the seed (descendant) that would come from woman would crush the head of Satan (Genesis 3:15).

This was the first promise of a Savior for the sin of mankind. Although Satan would affect man through sin, a Savior would be sent by God through woman and the power of sin would be crushed. The tragedy of sin came through the fall of one woman, but redemption would also come through a woman who would birth the Lord Jesus Christ.

ON ADAM:

1.         Labor a weariness: Prior to sin Adam tended the ground in happiness, but now he must to labor hard. The environment of the earth changed. The ground that was once fertile and without pests or weeds became filled with thorns and thistles.

2.         Death: The penalty of natural death was imposed on Adam. God said his body would return to the ground, for "dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return". Spiritual death was also a penalty of sin. God said "the soul that sinneth, it shall die" (Ezekiel 18:20). Without forgiveness, man would die the spiritual death of eternal separation from God.

ON EVE:

The woman also received penalties for her sin:

1.         Sorrow in childbirth: The curse of pain and sorrow was placed upon the child bearing process.

2.         Subjection: Eve would become subject to her husband. (We will deal more with the concept of submission later in this course as we study the Epistles).

PENALTIES ON BOTH ADAM AND EVE:

God removed Adam and Eve from the beautiful environment of the Garden of Eden to a world filled with sorrow, pain, thorns, and death.

THE PROMISE OF CHRIST

The only bright spot in the entire chapter of Genesis 3 is the promise of the coming Redeemer who would crush the power of Satan (Genesis 3:15).

Note how this was fulfilled in Jesus Christ:

            Sin Brought...                                    Fulfilled In Jesus...

            Travail            Jesus entered into travail for us. (Isaiah 53:11)

            Subjection                   He was made subject to the law that He might redeem us from the                                                 law. (Galatians 4:4)

            Thorns            He was crowned with thorns for us. (Matthew 27:29)

            Sweat                          Jesus sweat great drops of blood for us. (Luke 22:44)

            Sorrow            Surely, He bore our sorrows. (Isaiah 53:4-5)

            Death                          He brought eternal life. (John 3:16)

Jesus bore every penalty for sin. Through His life, death, and resurrection, the head (power) of Satan was crushed.

THE BEGINNING AND THE END

In these first two chapters we have studied events which occurred when the first woman was created. The book of Revelation provides interesting contrasts between the beginning and end. Read Revelation chapters 21 and 22 which describe the final days of time and the new heaven and earth God has planned for His people.

On the following chart, observe the contrasts where every penalty resulting from the sin is eliminated:

            Genesis                                                          Revelation

Paradise closed                                                           Paradise Opened

3:23                                                                            21:25

Dispossession through sin                                          Repossession through grace

3:24                                                                            21:24

Curse imposed                                                            Curse removed

3:17                                                                            22:3

Access to tree denied                                                  Access permitted

3:24                                                                            22:14

Beginning of sorrow, death                                        Ending of sorrow, death

3:16-19                                                                       21:4

Garden defiled                                                            No defilement

3:5-7                                                                           21:27

Man's dominion broken                                              Dominion restored

3:19                                                                            22:5

Evil triumphs                                                              Good triumphs

3:13                                                                            20:10

Walk of God with man interrupted                             Relationship resumed

3:8-10                                                                         21:3

Although the fall of Eve was a sad moment in history, the future for women and all mankind is one of joyful anticipation through Jesus Christ.

SELF-TEST

1.         Which Bible reference is the first promise of a Savior given in Scripture?

______________________________________________________________________________

2.         Write the Key Verse from memory.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2.         Write T in front of each statement that is TRUE. Write F in front of each statement that is FALSE

            a._____Eve misquoted God's Word when she answered Satan.

            b._____Adam blamed the serpent for his sin.

            c._____Eve blamed Adam for her sin.

            d._____Eve tried to minimize the penalty God warned would result from sin.

            e._____The cycle of temptation can be broken at any point through the power

                         of Jesus Christ.

3.         Read each of the penalties for sin listed below. In the space provided before each penalty, write:

            S-If it is a penalty on the serpent.

            M-If it is a penalty on man.

            W-If it is a penalty on woman.

            MW-If it is a penalty on both man and woman.

            a._____Spiritual death.

            b._____Knowledge of good and evil.

            c._____Fear and shame.

            d._____It shall bruise thy head.

            e._____Labor a weariness.

            f._____Sorrow in childbirth.

(Answers to tests are provided at the conclusion of the final chapter in this manual.)

FOR FURTHER STUDY

Continue your study of contrasts between the beginning and the end of the world by using the following chart to study Revelation 20-22.

The Beginning                                                                                               The Ending

Genesis 1-3                                                                                                    Revelation 20-22

God creates the Heaven and earth 1:1                                                A new Heaven and earth 21:1

Let there be light 1:3-5                                                                       No need of light 21:23; 22:5

Waters called sea 1:10                                                                        No more sea 21:1

Tree of life: No access 2:8-9                                                  Tree of life: Access 22:2

River out of Eden 2:10                                                                       River of life 22:1

Death from a tree 2:17                                                                        Life from a tree 22:2

Curse instituted 3:17                                                                           No more curse 22:3

Pain 3:17                                                                                            No more pain 21:4

Entrance shut 3:24                                                                              Gate not shut 21:25

Alienated from presence 3:8                                                               Eternally in presence 20:12

Death instituted 2:17                                                                          Death banished 20:14

Devil deceives 3:4-6                                                                           Cannot deceive 20:3

Devil loose to do evil 3:4-6                                                                Devil bound 20:3

Sorrow 3:17                                                                                        No more sorrow 21:4

Creative power of God 1:1                                                                 Destructive power 20:9

It is begun 1:1                                                                                     It is finished 21:6

CHAPTER THREE

STRANGE AND VIRTUOUS WOMEN

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this chapter you will be able to:

            ∙          Write the Key Verse from memory.

            ∙          Identify the two types of women discussed in Proverbs.

            ∙          Describe characteristics of the "strange" woman.

            ∙          Describe characteristics of the "virtuous" woman.

KEY VERSE:

Favour is deceitful, and beauty is vain; but a woman that feareth the Lord, she shall be praised. (Proverbs 31:30)

INTRODUCTION

When woman was first created, she was made by God in a beautiful and sinless state. Due to her fall into sin, all women are now in one of two categories:

The woman apart from God: The sinful woman who has not accepted Jesus Christ as Savior and received forgiveness for her sin.

The woman of God: Once a sinner, this woman has confessed her sin and accepted Jesus Christ as Savior. She now stands virtuous (holy) before God.

The book of Proverbs in the Old Testament emphasizes the contrast between these two categories. The woman apart from God is referred to as the "strange" woman. The woman of God is referred to as the "virtuous" woman.

The subject of the strange woman runs like a connecting thread throughout the book of Proverbs until the final chapter where the characteristics of the virtuous woman are presented as a glorious contrast.

THE BOOK OF PROVERBS

The book of Proverbs has been referred to as "vertical wisdom for horizontal living". It is a collection of wise principles given from God to man (vertically) to govern our living (horizontally) with others.

God

                                                                             │ 

                                                                             │ 

                                                                             │ 

│

                                                                             │Others__________________________________________Others

For Horizontal Living With Others

The word "proverbs" means "a brief saying instead of many words." Each passage in Proverbs is a concise summary of an important truth.

Solomon, the son of King David, wrote most of the Proverbs. It is recorded in I Kings 4:32 that Solomon spoke three thousand proverbs under the inspiration of God. Some of these are preserved for us by the Holy Spirit in the book of Proverbs.

Solomon's emphasis on strange and virtuous women developed in part from his own marriage relationships. Solomon sinned by marrying more than one wife and some of his wives were "strange" women who served false gods.

THE STRANGE WOMAN

The word "strange" in the book of Proverbs means "foreign, alien, adulterous." It describes a woman separated from God, a foreigner to His righteousness. Since God's ideal plan for woman is that through she be part of His Body, the Church, this makes the strange woman an adulteress from God because she has turned from relationship with God to a sinful life.

Proverbs identifies several characteristics of the "strange" woman. While all of these characteristics may not be evident, any of them can emerge in a sinful woman's life.

INSINCERE:

The strange woman uses flattering speech, giving insincere praise with a wrong motive. Proverbs teaches such a woman should be avoided:

To deliver thee from the strange woman, even from the stranger which flattereth with her words. (Proverbs 2:16)

To keep thee from ...the flattery of the tongue of a strange woman.

            (Proverbs 6:24)

That they may keep thee from the strange woman, from the stranger which flattereth with her words. (Proverbs 7:5)

EVIL:

One of the purposes of Proverbs is to provide principles....

To keep thee from the evil woman. (Proverbs 6:24)

A DESTROYER:

The strange woman seeks to destroy others by drawing them into her sin:

For by means of a whorish woman a man is brought to a piece of bread; and the adulteress will hunt for the precious life. (Proverbs 6:26)

IMMODEST:

The sinful woman dresses immodestly:

And behold, there met him a woman with the attire of an harlot...

            (Proverbs 7:10)

SUBTILE:

The strange woman is deceptive and subtile:

And behold, there met him a woman...subtile of heart. (Proverbs 7:10)

She is pictured as a deceptive pit which causes others to fall:

For a whore is a deep ditch; and a strange woman is a narrow pit.

            (Proverbs 23:27)

She speaks deceptive words which entice others to sin:

For the lips of a strange woman drop as an honeycomb, and her mouth is smoother than oil. (Proverbs 5:3)

CONTENTIOUS:

"Contentious" means to be argumentative, always involved in controversy:

The contentions of a wife are a continual dropping. (Proverbs 19:13)

A continual dropping on a very rainy day and a contentious woman are alike. (Proverbs 27:15)

It is better to dwell in the wilderness than with a contentious and an angry woman. (Proverbs 21:19)

A BRAWLER:

Two verses speak of the brawling of the strange woman. To "brawl" means to be loud and to fight noisily. Proverbs warns:

It is better to dwell in the housetop than with a brawling woman in a wide house. (Proverbs 21:9)

Even the corner of a housetop is more desirable:

It is better to dwell in the corner of the housetop than with a brawling woman and in a wide house. (Proverbs 25:24)

ADULTEROUS:

The sinful woman may be involved in adulterous physical relationships. For sure, she is an adulterous from God because she has neglected her relationship with Him:

Such is the way of an adulterous woman... (Proverbs 30:23)

And why wilt thou, my son, be ravished with a strange woman, and embrace the bosom of a stranger? (Proverbs 5:20)

SELF-RIGHTEOUS:

The sinful woman does not comprehend her own true spiritual condition:

...She eateth, and wipeth her mouth, and saith, I have done no wickedness. (Proverbs 30:20)

ODIOUS:

Proverbs states that the strange woman is "odious" which means "hateful." The writer expresses concern...

For an odious woman when she is married... (Proverbs 30:23)

ANGRY:

It is better to dwell in the wilderness, than with a contentious and an angry woman. (Proverbs 29:19)

UNPROFITABLE:

Two verses reveal a strange woman can cause financial ruin:

Take his garment that is surety for a stranger, and take a pledge of him for a strange woman. (Proverbs 27:13 and 20:16)

FOOLISH AND CLAMOROUS:

To be foolish is to lack wisdom. "Clamorous" means to loudly complain and demand:

A foolish woman is clamorous... (Proverbs 9:13)

UNKNOWLEDGEABLE:

A foolish woman is clamorous; she is simple, and knoweth nothing.

            (Proverbs 9:13)

WITHOUT DISCRETION:

This means she has no tact. Proverbs compares a beautiful woman without discretion to a jewel in the nose of a pig:

As a jewel of gold in a swine's snout, so is a fair woman which is without discretion. (Proverbs 11:22)

The book of Proverbs describes the strange woman as a rather unpleasant person. It is better to dwell in the housetop (Proverbs 21:9), in the wilderness (Proverbs 21:19), or in the corner of the housetop (Proverbs 25:24) than to dwell with her.

A SERIES OF CONTRASTS

The book of Proverbs presents a series of contrasts between the virtuous or wise woman and the strange, foolish woman:

                        Strange                                                          Virtuous

                        (Foolish)                                                                     (Wise)

                        Destroys her home                                          Builds her home.

                        (14:1)                                                              (14:1)

                        Clamorous, simple, knows nothing                Retains honor

                        (11:16)                                                            (9:13)

                        Like a jewel in a swine's snout                       Crown to her husband

                        (11:22)                                                            (12:4)

WOMAN AS WIFE

Proverbs makes several observations regarding the woman's role as a wife. These comments continue to develop the contrast between the strange and virtuous women:

A virtuous woman is a crown to her husband; but she that maketh ashamed is as rottenness to his bones. (Proverbs 12:4)

Men are warned against adulterous relationships with women:

So he that goeth in to his neighbors' wife; whosoever toucheth her shall not be innocent. (Proverbs 6:29)

But whoso committeth adultery with a woman lacketh understanding; he that doeth it destroyeth his own soul. (Proverbs 6:32)

A man is to be satisfied with his own wife rather than strange women:

Let thy fountain be blessed and rejoice with the wife of thy youth.

            (Proverbs 5:18)

A virtuous wife is a gift from the Lord:

Whoso findeth a wife findeth a good thing, and obtaineth favour of the Lord. (Proverbs 18:22)

...a prudent wife is from the Lord. (Proverbs 19:14)

A strange wife is contentious and a continuing trial:

...the contentions of a wife are a continual dropping. (Proverbs 19:13)

THE VIRTUOUS WOMAN

After describing the strange woman throughout the Proverbs, the writer closes with a glorious contrast of the virtuous woman. The discussion opens with a question and a declaration:

Who can find a virtuous woman? for her price is far above rubies.

            (Proverbs 31:10)

Read Proverbs 31:10-31 which details the characteristics of the virtuous woman. Keep your Bible open to this passage as you review her personality traits.

Remember, just as the sinful woman may not exhibit all of the traits of the strange woman, the following characteristics may not all be apparent in a Godly woman. They can be attained through spiritual growth, however, and are God's picture of the ideal woman.

The following is a verse-by-verse study of the characteristics of the virtuous woman:

VERSE 10:

The virtuous woman is rare, as the writer questions "Who can find a virtuous woman?" To be virtuous means to be morally good. This kind of woman is awarded eternal value, far above rubies. The Amplified Bible expands this verse to include the characteristics of intelligence and capability.

VERSE 11:

She is trustworthy and the heart of her husband safely trusts in her.

VERSE 12:

Her relationships are right. She wants only good for her husband. The Amplified Bible expands the meaning of "good" to include the concepts of comforting and encouraging her husband.

VERSE 13:

She is industrious and a willing worker.

VERSE 14:

She provides for her household. This verse means spiritual as well as physical provision. The Amplified Bible expands this passage to explain that she provides for the "physical, material, and spiritual needs of her household."

VERSE 15:

She is considerate and responsible. She rises early to make provision for her family. This is also a type of making spiritual provision by rising early to meet with God. The virtuous woman is a good supervisor and she provides for those who work for her.

VERSE 16:

She is businesslike. She considers or plans and thinks before she acts. She is aggressive and productive in the "vineyard" or work God has given her to do. The Amplified Bible indicates she doesn't neglect her present duties by assuming others. She expands prudently (wisely).

VERSE 17:

The virtuous woman is strong. The Amplified Version states she develops "spiritual, mental, and physical fitness for her God given task."

VERSE 18:

She has a good self image and is not affected by outward circumstances. According to the Amplified Bible, her light of encouragement burns in the night of trouble and sorrow, warding off fear, doubt, and distrust.

VERSE 19:

She is skillful and trained for her work. She knows how to use the "tools of her trade," so to speak.

VERSE 20:

The virtuous woman is generous to the poor, and reaches out to minister to the needy. The Amplified Bible says she "ministers to the body, mind, and spirit of others".

VERSE 21:

The virtuous woman is fearless. She clothes her family, not only physically but spiritually. Hebrews 9:19-21 speaks of the spiritual covering of the blood of Jesus Christ.

VERSE 22:

This passage describes the virtuous woman as a creative homemaker as well as being properly dressed.

VERSE 23:

She is supportive of her husband's position.

VERSE 24:

She is a good business woman.

VERSE 25:

She is strong, honorable, and joyfully looks to the future.

VERSE 26:

She is wise and ministers through the spoken word. She controls her tongue and is kind.

VERSE 27:

She is conscientious (responsible) and looks well to the ways of her household. She is not idle, but is active and energetic. The Amplified Bible states she "does not eat the bread of idle gossip, discontent, and self-pity."

VERSE 28:

The virtuous woman is an ideal wife and mother.

VERSE 29:

She "excels in virtue." The spirit of excellence is apparent in her life and ministry.

VERSE 30:

She is successful and others recognize it. She also fears God.

VERSE 31:

She will be fruitful (productive) and others will honor her for her contributions. Her own works praise her. She does not have to boast.

THE SECRET OF THE VIRTUOUS WOMAN

What is the secret of the virtuous woman? How can she achieve all of these positive traits?

She fears the Lord! All of her righteousness, all of her wonderful positive character traits spring from her right relationship with God.

Fearing God involves more than respecting Him. It includes acknowledging Him as God, recognizing and confessing your sin, and accepting Jesus Christ as personal Savior. As you become a new creature in Jesus Christ, all the old things are done away with:

Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new. (II Corinthians 5:17)

The virtuous woman was once affected by the sin which came upon all men and women through Eve's original sin. The difference between her and the sinful woman is that she is no longer sinful. She has been cleansed by the saving power of Christ.

Your life may be ruined by sin. You may have many of the characteristics of the sinful woman evident in your life. Right now, through Christ, you can be transformed from a sinful to a virtuous woman. You can restore your relationship with God and then let Him develop these beautiful, virtuous characteristics in your life.

All you have to do is confess your sins and accept Jesus Christ as your Savior. If you have not already made this commitment, pray to God in your own words and do this right now.

SUMMARY

One verse provides a concise summary of what Proverbs teaches on the subject of women. It is the final contrast between the strange and the virtuous woman:

Favour is deceitful and beauty is vain, but a woman that feareth the Lord, she shall be praised. (Proverbs 31:30)

SELF-TEST

4.         Write the Key Verse from memory:

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2.         What does the word "proverbs" mean?

_______________________________________________________________________________

3.         What does the word "strange" mean as it is used in the book of Proverbs?

_______________________________________________________________________________

4.         What does the word "virtuous" mean as it is used in the book of Proverbs?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

5.         Read each character trait listed below. If it is a character trait of the strange woman, write the letter S in the blank before the characteristic. If it describes the virtuous woman, write the letter V on the blank before the trait.

            a._____Insincere                                                        j.______Angry

            b._____Evil                                                                k._____Foolish

            c._____Subtile in heart                                               l.______Industrious

            d._____Contentious (argumentative)             m._____Skillful

            e._____Crown to her husband                                    n._____Self-Righteous

            f._____Jewel in a pig's nose                                       o._____Brawling

            g._____Odious (hateful)                                             p._____Trustworthy

            h._____Hard to find                                                   q._____Fears God

            i._____Without discretion                                          r._____Holy

(Answers to tests are provided at the conclusion of the final chapter in this manual.)

FOR FURTHER STUDY

1.         If you made the special commitment to Jesus Christ, asked Him to forgive you of your sin, and accepted Him as your Savior, we would like to know about it. Write us at:

            Harvestime International Institute, 3092 Sultana Dr., Madera, California 93637 USA

2.         To enable further study of what Proverbs teaches regarding women, each verse on the subject is listed below. Space is provided for you to record a summary of the content of each verse in your own words.

            Reference Summary

            2:16                ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            5:3                  ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            5:18                ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            5:20                ___________________________________________________________

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            6:24                ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            6:26                ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            6:29                ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            6:32                ___________________________________________________________

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            7:5                  ___________________________________________________________

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            7:10                ___________________________________________________________

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            9:13                ___________________________________________________________

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            11:16              ___________________________________________________________

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            11:22              ___________________________________________________________

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            12:4                ___________________________________________________________

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            14:1                ___________________________________________________________

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            18:22              ___________________________________________________________

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            19:13              ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            19:14              ___________________________________________________________

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            20:16              ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            21:9                ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            21:19              ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            23:27              ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            25:24              ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            27:13              ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            27:15              ___________________________________________________________

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            30:20              ___________________________________________________________

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            30:23              ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

            31:10-31         ___________________________________________________________

                                    ___________________________________________________________

CHAPTER FOUR

THE BOOK OF RUTH

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this chapter you will be able to:

            ∙          Write the Key Verses from memory.

            ∙          Summarize the story of Ruth.

            ∙          Identify the purposes of the book.

            ∙          Explain the relationship of Boaz and Ruth as a type of Jesus and His Church.

            ∙          Recognize that God works through circumstances to accomplish His plan and purpose.

KEY VERSES:

And Ruth said, intreat me not to leave thee, or to return from following after thee; for whither thou goest I will go; and whither thou lodgest I will lodge; thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God; where thou diest will I die, and there will I be buried; the Lord do so to me, and more also if aught but death part thee and me. (Ruth 1:16-17)

INTRODUCTION

There are two books in the Bible that are named for women. They are the books of Ruth and Esther. In this chapter we will study the book of Ruth, the Gentile woman who served God among the Jewish people. In the next chapter, we will study about Esther, the Jewish woman who served God among the Gentiles. Before proceeding further with this chapter, read the four chapters of the book of Ruth.

THE NAME

This book is named for Ruth, the Moabite daughter-in-law of Naomi, who was a Jew. Moabites were descendants of Lot and were heathen people. Ruth is one of four women mentioned in Matthew 1 as ancestors of Jesus who were part of the Messianic family line. The other three women are Tamar, Rahab, and Bathsheba.

AUTHOR

The author of this book is not known.

TIME

The time of the events of the book of Ruth is identified in the first verse of the first chapter. The story occurred during the period of the judges of Israel which was a time of trouble in the history of God's people, Israel. There was no king in Israel and the people turned away from God to live as they pleased:

In those days there was no king in Israel, but every man did that which was right in his own eyes. (Judges 17:6)

The book of Judges records this dark period in Israel's history. The people sinned repeatedly, experienced God's judgment, and turned back to God for deliverance. Each time God raised up a judge (a Godly leader) to deliver them.

SETTING

The events of the book take place in two locations:

Moab, where Naomi and her family fled to escape a famine in Israel (chapter 1, verses 1-18).

Bethlehem in Israel, where most of the story occurs (chapter 1:19-22 through chapter 4).

TO WHOM

The book was written for Israel as part of the historical record. It is also recorded for all believers to illustrate the kinsman-redeemer relationship of Jesus Christ.

CHARACTERS

The main characters in the book of Ruth are:

Naomi: An Israelite woman who migrated to Moab with her husband and two sons to escape a famine in Israel.

Elimelech: Husband of Naomi who died in Moab.

Mahlon and Chilion: Sons of Naomi who died in Moab.

Orpha: The Moabite daughter-in-law of Naomi who chose to remain in Moab.

Ruth: The Moabite daughter-in-law of Naomi who returned to Israel with her.

Boaz: The son of the harlot Rahab. He was the near kinsman who redeemed Ruth and became her husband.

The unnamed kinsman: A nameless man who legally had the first right to redeem the property of Naomi and make Ruth his wife, but who chose not to do so.

PURPOSE

There are several purposes for the book of Ruth:

3.          It demonstrates God's concern for all people. Ruth was a Gentile Moabites, yet God chose this beautiful heathen girl to become part of the family line from which the Messiah, Jesus Christ, would be born. Ruth was the great grandmother of King David and an ancestor of the Messiah.

This is a type or example of how God adopts into His family the "Gentile" (heathen) people of the world through the blood of His Son, Jesus Christ.

God is no respecter of persons: But in every nation He that heareth Him and worketh righteousness is accepted of Him. (Acts 10:34-35)

4.         It documents the genealogy of Jesus Christ. The final chapter traces the family history to King David.

3.         The relationship between Ruth and Naomi is a type of the commitment which should exist between the Church and Jesus Christ.

4.         The life of Naomi illustrates how God takes the bitter experiences of life and transforms them into beauty.

5.         The relationship of Boaz to Ruth is a type of the redemption relationship between Jesus and His Church.

OUTLINE

CHAPTER ONE

JOURNEY TO MOAB (1:1-2):

Verse one identifies the time of the events of the book of Ruth during the period of the Judges. It also locates the events of chapter 1 verses 1-18 as occurring in Moab.

Moab was about 50 miles from Bethlehem on the opposite side of the Dead Sea. Elimelech took his two sons and his wife Naomi to this region to escape a famine in Israel.

Famine was one of the methods of judgment God used in Old Testament times to punish Israel when they sinned and served other gods. (See II Kings 8:1, Jeremiah 16:3-13; and Ezekiel 5:11-17).

Elimelech should not have gone to Moab because it meant he was fleeing from God's correction. God's land is better in famine than Moab in the time of plenty. The Moabite people served a God called Chemosh who they honored by sacrificing children (see Judges

11:24).

TRAGEDY IN MOAB (1:3-5):

While in Moab, Elimelech died and Naomi's two sons married Moabitess women named Ruth and Orpha although marriage by Jews to Moabites was forbidden by God (Deuteronomy 7:3; Nehemiah 13:23,25). Tragedy struck again and both sons of Naomi died. (It is possible they had always been sickly as the name of Mahlon means "sick" and Chilion means "pining".)

RETURN TO BETHLEHEM (1:6-18):

When the famine in Israel was over, Naomi planned her return to Bethlehem. She encouraged her daughters-in-law, Ruth and Orpha to remain in Moab. The decision she presented to them was actually spiritual. They could remain in Moab and return to their own people and their own gods if they desired. Naomi did not want Ruth and Orpha to come with her on the basis of their relationship or any reason other than a spiritual decision for God.

Naomi pointed out that there would be a better opportunity for Ruth and Orpha to remarry if they remained among their own people. Sometimes there appears to be no future if you go

God's way, but as you will learn, Ruth was blessed because she chose the way of least opportunity.

Orpha was persuaded to remain in Moab, and kissed Naomi goodbye. Many people have affection for Jesus Christ but come short of salvation because they cannot forsake the old life. Like Orpha, they go back to the world seeking rest.

Naomi gave Ruth the option of returning with her sister-in-law, but Ruth clung to Naomi with a beautiful promise of commitment to her and God. Verse 18 records Ruth's resolution which shut the door on her old life. True commitment to Jesus requires that you shut the door on the old life of sin.

Note the elements of Ruth's commitment which are a type of your relationship to Jesus:

1. Accept: She accepts the way of Naomi: She will go with her. The first step in commitment to Jesus is accepting His way of salvation.

2. Abide: She will dwell with Naomi and become settled and stable. After accepting Jesus, you must progress on to stability in your relationship.

3. Align: Ruth aligns herself with Naomi in terms of her people, precepts, position and problems:

People: Ruth aligns herself with Naomi's relatives just as believers should align themselves with the people of God.

Precepts: She aligns herself with the precepts of Naomi, the faith and the God upon which these precepts are based. As a believer, you must align yourself with the precepts in God's Word.

Position: Wherever Naomi dwells, Ruth will dwell. You must likewise position yourself with the cause of Christ.

Problems: She will be with Naomi in good times and hard times, even in death. Your commitment to Jesus should be a dedication unto death, not a short term commitment for good times only.

ARRIVAL IN BETHLEHEM (1:19-22):

Upon arrival in Bethlehem, Naomi's old friends hardly recognize her. They question, "Is this Naomi?" Perhaps the years of sorrow in Moab had dealt harshly with her appearance. She certainly was not the same person who left Israel. Note the contrasts:

            l.          She went out "pleasant", but came back "bitter": Naomi told them to no longer call her "Naomi" which means "pleasant," but to call her "Mara" which means "bitter."

            2.          She went out full, but came home empty. Naomi did not accuse Satan of causing her plight. Naomi recognized the correction of the Lord which came to her in the heathen environment in which she placed herself.

Many times we do not progress spiritually because we blame Satan instead of recognizing the correcting hand of God and changing our sinful ways. The purpose of God's correction by God is given in Hosea:

                        Come, and let us return unto the Lord; for He hath torn, and He will heal us; He hath smitten and He will bind us up.

                        (Hosea 6:1)

Correction drew Naomi back to God. It would not be long and the Lord would heal Naomi's bitterness and make her part of a beautiful plan for the redemption of all mankind.

Naomi's use of the word "Lord" ("El Sadday" in Hebrew) demonstrates she had not lost her faith in God. The word speaks of the sufficiency of God. Although she was empty and bitter, she still acknowledged the sufficiency of God to meet her need. She was saying,"I am in need, but God is sufficient."

3.         She left in time of famine, but returned in time of harvest: This third contrast is not readily apparent but is found in verse 22. Naomi left Israel in a time of famine, but returned to reap a harvest in both the spiritual and natural realms.

CHAPTER TWO

RUTH IN THE FIELDS OF BOAZ (1-17):

Ruth went to glean in the fields of Boaz which was an acceptable occupation for young women of that day. Land owners were commanded by God to leave a portion of the crop for the poor to glean.

Ruth showed initiative as she set out to work. You cannot just sit and wait for God to work in your life, but you must cooperate and work with Him. Ruth did what needed to be done. Even the details of life necessary to provide a living are profitable when done for the glory of God (I Corinthians 10:31).

There is no fate in the life of a Christian, neither was it fate that Ruth chose to work in the field of a kinsman of Naomi's, named Boaz. God is at work and guides you in the routine, even the desperate circumstances of life. Boaz looked with favor on Ruth and told her to remain in his field throughout the harvest. He also made special provisions for her at mealtime.

THE RETURN OF RUTH TO NAOMI (18-23):

Ruth returned home shared the events of the day with Naomi who recognized the hand of God at work. Boaz was a near kinsman and as such had certain obligations by law towards Ruth and Naomi.

CHAPTER THREE

NAOMI'S PLAN (1-5):

Recognizing the hand of God, Naomi shared a plan with Ruth. Being a near kinsman, Boaz had a responsibility to redeem property belonging to Naomi, to marry Ruth, and to raise up children to carry on the family name (Deuteronomy 25). Instead of bringing Boaz before the public and forcing him to redeem her, Ruth quietly provided him the opportunity to accept or reject her by going to him in secrecy at night.

THE RESULTS (6-13):

Ruth was within her right asking Boaz to "redeem" (marry) her. Boaz was willing and eager to perform his responsibility, but said there was a kinsman closer than he who had the first right. It is not enough to work God's plan, but it must be done by His methods. Boaz must first approach the other kinsman and give him his rightful opportunity to redeem Ruth. He told Ruth to wait until morning, then return home and wait for him to settle the matter.

THE RETURN TO NAOMI (14-18):

Ruth returned to Naomi and told her all that happened. Naomi told her to be patient, for Boaz would not rest until he concluded the matter. God did not rest until redemption was accomplished for all mankind through Jesus Christ. He will not rest in arranging the circumstances of your life until redemption is accomplished in you personally. Note that Ruth did not return to Naomi empty handed (verse 18). Naomi's "empty" days, to which she referred in chapter one, were about to be over.

CHAPTER FOUR

THE REDEMPTION PROCESS (1-12):

Boaz met with the near kinsman, who is unnamed. The meeting was at the city gate in the presence of the elders, which was the center for business and legal transactions. The other kinsman refused his right to redeem Ruth because if he claimed the property of Naomi, he must also marry Ruth. If they had a son, then a portion of his property would go to Elimelich's house instead of his own children.

Boaz redeemed Ruth according to custom, in the presence of witnesses. His redemption is a type of Jesus Christ redeeming us from sin. According to the law the redeemer had to be:

            1.         A near kinsman (Deuteronomy 25).

            2.         Willing to redeem (John 10:18; Isaiah 53:7, Galatians 2:20).

            3.         Have the ability to redeem (John 10:11-18).

            4.         Be free himself, just as Jesus was free from sin.

            5.         Have the price of redemption, which was the blood line. We are redeemed by the blood of Jesus (I Peter 1:18-19 Leviticus 17:11; Hebrews 10:4).

Just as Boaz met these requirements in the natural redemption of Ruth, Jesus met them in the spiritual redemption of man.

THE UNION OF RUTH AND BOAZ (13-17):

Ruth and Boaz were married and had a child. Naomi was no longer bitter, but blessed of the Lord. Her blood line was continued and her property redeemed. She took the child and became nurse to it. It is Naomi, not Ruth, that is featured in the closing scenes of the book. Naomi's life has changed from bitter to pleasant.

No matter what your circumstances of life, God wants to change you from bitter to pleasant. He wants to change your name, so to speak from "Mara" to "Naomi." He is working in your circumstances to restore all that has been lost and then use you as part of His plan.

THE GENEALOGY OF DAVID (18-22):

The book of Ruth closes by recording the genealogical link between Ruth and David, who was part of the Messianic line of Jesus Christ. This final note demonstrates God's purpose and plan in history and that life is not just haphazard. God is at work in all the circumstances of life to bring forth His plan of salvation to the nations of the world.

CHARACTER TRAITS OF RUTH

Several beautiful character traits are evident in the personality of Ruth. Read the references on the next page and study the beautiful nature evidenced by this woman of God. Ask God to build these qualities into your own life:

Reference                                                                               Trait

1:16-17                       Love, commitment

1:18                            Steadfastness

2:2                              Humility (to glean); industrious; respect (she asks permission of Naomi)

2:14                            Temperance (ate only enough to suffice)

2:18-19                       Accountable (to Naomi with her work)

2:23                            Faithful

3:5                              Obedient

3:10                            Submissive to law of God (not seeking young men, but God's plan)

3:10                            Eternal values, not wealth in mind

3:14                            Concerned about the "appearance of evil" (left before daylight)

3:18                            Patient (after she had done what she could, she left the results to God)

SELF-TEST

1.         Look at the list of names below in list one. Read list 2. Put the number of the sentence which best describes the person in list one in the blank provided in front of his or her name. The first one is done as an example for you.

            _3__Mahlon and Chilion        1. An Israelite woman who went to Moab with her family.

            ____Naomi                             2. Husband of Naomi who died in Moab.

            ____Elimelech                       3. Sons of Naomi who died in Moab.

            ____Ruth                                4. Near kinsman who redeemed Ruth.

            ____Orpha                              5. Naomi's daughter-in-law who remained in Moab.

            ____Boaz                               6. Naomi's daughter-in-law who returned to Israel.

2.         List three purposes for the book of Ruth.

            (1)______________________________________________________________________

            (2)______________________________________________________________________

            (3)______________________________________________________________________

3.         During what period of Israel's history did the events of the book of Ruth occur?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

4.         In what two places did the events in this book happen?

_____________________________and________________________________

5.         Who wrote the book of Ruth?________________________________________________

6.         Write the Key Verse from memory:

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

7.         Read each statement below. If it is TRUE, put a letter T in the blank in front of the statement. If it is a FALSE statement, put the letter F on the blank.

            _____a.           Famine was used by God as a way to judge and correct Israel.

            _____b.           Naomi means "bitter."

            _____c.           Mara means "pleasant."

            _____d.           Boaz had the first right to redeem Ruth.

            _____e.           The unnamed kinsman did not redeem Ruth because he did not like her.

            _____f.           The relationship of Boaz and Ruth is a type of the redemption relationship                                     between Jesus and believers.

(Answers to tests are provided at the conclusion of the final chapter in this manual.)

FOR FURTHER STUDY

1.         Read the story of the harlot Rahab in Joshua 2. Then turn to Hebrews 11:31 and note that

she is included in the list of Old Testament characters credited by Paul as having demonstrated great faith.

Rahab was the mother of Boaz, and as such is included in the ancestry of Jesus Christ. Isn't it wonderful that God includes all races (Ruth who was a heathen Moabite) and all backgrounds (Rahab who was a harlot) in the earthly family of Jesus?

It is the same in the spiritual family of believers. No matter what your race, culture, or background, you can become part of the family of God through faith in God, repentance of sin, and accepting Jesus Christ as your personal Savior.

2.         For further background on the period during which the events of the book of Ruth occurred, read the book of Judges. Note the seven cycles of sin, punishment, and deliverance experienced by Israel. As you study, complete the chart below. The first cycle is done for you as an example:

The Cycle Of Judges

            First Cycle:                                                    Judges 3:7-11

            Sin:                                                     Idolatry

            Punishment period:                             Eight years

            Deliverer and Judge:                           Othniel

            Second Cycle:                                    Judges 3:12-31

            Sin:_____________________________________________________________________

            Punishment:______________________________________________________________

            Deliverer and Judge:_______________________________________________________

            Third Cycle:                                                 Judges 4,5

            Sin:_____________________________________________________________________

            Punishment:______________________________________________________________

            Deliverer and Judge:_______________________________________________________

            Fourth Cycle:                                                Judges 6-8:32

            Sin:_____________________________________________________________________

            Punishment:______________________________________________________________

            Deliverer and Judge:_______________________________________________________

            Fifth Cycle:                                                                Judges 8:33-10:5

            Sin:_____________________________________________________________________

            Punishment:______________________________________________________________

            Deliver and Judge:_________________________________________________________

            Sixth Cycle:                                                               Judges 10:6-chapter 12

            Sin:_____________________________________________________________________

            Punishment:_______________________________________________________________

            Deliverer and Judge:_______________________________________________________

            Seventh Cycle:                                                          Judges 13-16

            Sin:_____________________________________________________________________

            Punishment:_______________________________________________________________

            Deliverer and Judge:_______________________________________________________

CHAPTER FIVE

THE BOOK OF ESTHER

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this chapter you will be able to:

∙          Write the Key Verse from memory.

∙          Summarize the story of Esther.

∙          Identify the purposes of the book.

∙          Recognize that God has a special plan for you.

KEY VERSE:

For if thou altogether holdest thy peace at this time, then shall there enlargement and deliverance arise to the Jews from another place; but thou and thy father's house shall be destroyed: and who knoweth whether thou art come to the kingdom for such a time as this? (Esther 4:14)

INTRODUCTION

In the last chapter you studied the Book of Ruth, the Gentile woman who lived among the Jewish people. This chapter focuses on Esther, the Jewish woman who served as queen among the Gentile people. The book which bears her name tells of a plot to destroy the entire Jewish nation which would have ended the blood line of the Messiah, Jesus Christ.

Although the book does not mention God by name, it speaks of His intervention in the affairs of men to care for His people and accomplish His divine purposes. It also shows how each one of us has an important part in God's plan. Before proceeding with this study, read the book of Esther.

NAME

The book is named for the main character, Esther. Originally her Hebrew name was Hadassah. Her name means "star of the east."

AUTHOR

The author of the book is unknown.

TIME

From the best evidence, the story of Esther occurred during the rule of the king who is known in secular history as Xerxes. In Esther, the name used for this king is Ahasuerus, the Hebrew form of the Greek name Xerxes. The nature of the court, social customs, and state of affairs described in Esther fit perfectly into the secular history of this time which was around 473 B.C.

SETTING

The setting was in the palace at Shushan which was in a city in Elam 150 miles east of Babylon. An estimated two to three million Jews were living there during the time of Esther.

TO WHOM

This book was probably prepared for the Jews scattered all over Persia, as well as for those in Palestine, to tell them how God had saved them from death. For the Christian, it shows God's intervention on behalf of His people.

MAIN CHARACTERS

Ahasuerus: King over 127 provinces from India to Ethiopia.

Vashti: The queen who refused the king's orders and lost her position as queen.

Esther: The new queen, a Hebrew woman.

Mordecai: Esther's cousin, who raised her from a child.

Haman: An enemy of the Jewish people who devised a plot to destroy them.

PURPOSES

The purposes of Esther:

3.         The book contains an important episode in Jewish history which provided the Jewish people of Persia and Palestine with the story of the intervention of God to spare their lives.

2.         It demonstrates how God works for His people. He intervenes in the affairs of men to fulfill His will and places His people in the right places at the right times for the advancement of His kingdom.

OUTLINE

CHAPTER ONE

THE GREAT FEASTS (1-9):

Ahasuerus held a feast for his princes and servants which lasted for 180 days. Meanwhile, Vashti, the queen, was hosting the women at a separate feast in her quarters.

A DOMESTIC PROBLEM (10-12):

On the seventh day of the feast, the king called for Queen Vashti to come and show her beauty to the men. She refused his request, and the king was angry.

A ROYAL COMMANDMENT (13-22):

The wise men counseled the king to dethrone Vashti and give her position to another.

CHAPTER TWO

THE SEARCH FOR A QUEEN (1-4):

The King began the search for a queen. Young women were brought from all over the kingdom and prepared for his review.

ESTHER ENTERS THE COMPETITION (5-11):

A Jewish man named Mordecai had raised his cousin Esther since she was an orphan. Esther entered the competition to become queen. Mordecai told Esther not to let the people of the royal court know she was a Jew, then he waited to see what would happen to her.

ESTHER SELECTED AS QUEEN (12-21):

Each woman in the competition for the position of queen appeared before the king. When Esther appeared, she was selected and a special feast was given in her honor.

THE PLOT AGAINST THE KING (22-23):

Two men, Bigthan and Teresh, planned to kill the king. Mordecai learned of the plot and informed Esther who told the king. Both men were hanged.

CHAPTER THREE

THE PROMOTION OF HAMAN (1-6):

King Ahasuerus promoted Haman, one of his servants, to a position over all the princes and servants. Everyone showed honor to him, but Mordecai refused and Haman was angry.

HAMAN'S PLOT (7-15):

Learning that Mordecai was a Jew, Haman went before the king and bribed him to issue an order that on a certain date all the Jews were to be destroyed. The King signed the order and it was sent throughout the kingdom.

CHAPTER FOUR

MOURNING OF THE JEWS (1-11):

When news of the dreadful order reached the Jews, they began to mourn. Mordecai put on sackcloth and rubbed himself with ashes, which was a custom when one was mourning.

ESTHER HEARS THE NEWS (12-9):

Sheltered in the palace, Esther had not heard of the new law. When she was told Mordecai was wearing sackcloth and ashes, she sent him clothing. He refused the beautiful garments, and sent her a copy of the order which had been issued.

THE PLAN FOR DELIVERANCE (10-17):

A plan for deliverance was made by Esther and Mordecai. The Jews would fast and pray for Esther and she will go in to the king to seek help for her people.

To approach the king without being summoned could result in death, but Esther was willing to pay the price if necessary. She said, "If I perish, I perish."

The key verse, Esther 4:14, presents an important truth. God had a plan for deliverance. If Esther did not fulfill her appointed role, then deliverance for the Jews would come from some other source.

God has a special plan for each of us in His overall plan to reach the world with the Gospel. His desire is that you find your position and fulfill His will. But if you do not find your place in the kingdom, God will still proceed with His plan and deliverance will arise from another source.

As Esther, you have come into His kingdom for a special purpose. This is why it is important to discover your position and ministry in the Body of Christ.

CHAPTER FIVE

AN INVITATION TO A BANQUET (1-8):

Esther appeared before the king, and he accepted her. She invited the King and Haman to a banquet and during the meal requested their presence at a special banquet she would give the following day.

HAMAN'S PRIDE (9-14):

Haman left the queen's presence and boasted about his invitation to all of his friends. Yet even this great honor brought him no joy as long as Mordecai refused to honor him. Haman's wife and friends suggested he build a gallows and hang Mordecai. Haman was pleased with this idea, and the gallows were constructed. (Gallows were a tall wooden structure from which a rope was hung for purposes of execution).

CHAPTER SIX

MORDECAI HONORED (1-14):

The king had a sleepless night and as he was reviewing court records it was brought to his attention that Mordecai had stopped a murderous plot against his life. The king inquired as to what reward was given to Mordecai for this, and was informed that nothing had been done.

HAMAN HUMILIATED (12-14):

Meanwhile, Haman was coming to the King to ask permission to hang Mordecai. Before he could speak, the King ordered him to honor Mordecai for his loyalty to the kingdom. Haman reluctantly obeyed the orders and was quite upset that his enemy was honored.

CHAPTER SEVEN

THE FEAST OF ESTHER (1-6):

Esther held a special feast and during dinner revealed her true identity and the plot of Haman to kill her and the Jews.

HAMAN PUNISHED (7-10):

The king ordered Haman to be hanged from the gallows prepared for Mordecai.

CHAPTER EIGHT

NEW ORDERS FROM THE KING (1-14):

Esther asked the king to issue orders to save her people. The King sent out a decree for deliverance of the Jews.

MORDECAI HONORED (15-17):

Mordecai received additional honors from the king, and there was feasting and rejoicing by the Jews throughout the kingdom. The previous law which was issued to bring death to the Jews is a type of the death which sin brought upon man. The Bible records "the soul that sinneth, it shall die."

The second law brought life instead of death, just as the coming of Jesus Christ brought life to sinful man. It does not eliminate the previous law requiring death for sin but, just as the order of King Ahasuerus, it provides a way of escape.

CHAPTER NINE

DELIVERANCE OF THE JEWS (1-11):

The Jews were delivered from death. With the king's permission, they fought against their enemies and overcame them.

HOUSE OF HAMAN DESTROYED (12-16):

Final deliverance came to the Jews as the entire family of the wicked Haman was destroyed.

THE FEAST OF PURIM (17-32):

A special feast celebrating the deliverance of the Jews was held and the date marked to be observed annually.

CHAPTER TEN

Mordecai was selected to serve next to the king and represent his people and their interests. Mordecai and Haman provide an interesting contrast in the use and abuse of power. One used position to help others, while the other used it to destroy.

CHARACTER TRAITS OF RUTH

Esther demonstrated some beautiful personality traits. Study the references on the following page. Ask God to help you incorporate some of these traits into your own life:

            Reference                                           Trait

            2:15                                        Beautiful and modest

            2:9-17; 5:1-3                           Winsome

            2:10                                        Obedient

            2:15                                        Related well to those around her

2:22Not self-seeking (revealed plot in name of

                                                            Mordecai instead of taking credit herself)

            4:16                                        Humble

            4:16; 7:6                                 Courageous

            2:22; 8:1-2; 7:3-4                    Loyal

AN IMPORTANT LESSON

One important lesson in the story of Esther is that although the wicked may appear to prosper, in the end, God's people will triumph.

David spoke of this in Psalms. In a way, he summarized one of the main concepts of the book of Esther:

I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree.

Yet he passed away, and lo, he was not; yea, I sought him, but he could not be found.

Mark the perfect man and behold the upright; for the end of that man is peace.

But the transgressors shall be destroyed together; the end of the wicked shall be cut off.

But the salvation of the righteous is of the Lord; he is their strength in the time of trouble.

And the Lord shall help them, and deliver them; he shall deliver them from the wicked and save them because they trust in him. (Psalms 37:35-40)

SELF-TEST

1.                     Write the Key Verse from memory:

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2.         Name two purposes for the book of Esther:

            (1)______________________________________________________________________

            (2)______________________________________________________________________

3.         Look at the list of names in list one. Find the sentence in list two that best describes each name. Put the number of that sentence in front of the proper name.

            _____Vashti               1. The new queen, a Hebrew woman.

            _____Esther               2. The cousin of Esther who raised her.

            _____Mordecai          3. Enemy of the Jewish people.

            _____Haman              4. Queen who refused the king's orders and lost her position.

4.         Who wrote the book of Esther?

_______________________________________________________________________________

5.         Where did the story occur?

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

(Answers to tests are provided at the conclusion of the final chapter in this manual.)

FOR FURTHER STUDY

In the chapters on Ruth and Esther, we presented analyses of their character traits. The study of characteristics of godly leaders in the Bible provides knowledge of positive traits which you can seek to develop in your own life. The study of ungodly characters provides warning of negative traits you should avoid.

To expand your knowledge of the book of Esther and develop your own skills in doing character studies, analyze the characters of Haman and Mordecai. These two men provide an interesting contrast of positive and negative traits. Read the book of Esther again, observing the characteristics of each man. Record your study on the following charts:

Character Traits Of Mordecai:

            Reference                               Character Trait

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Character Traits Of Haman:

            Reference                               Character Trait

        ______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER SIX

THE RELATIONSHIP OF JESUS TO WOMEN

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this chapter you will be able to:

            ∙          Write the Key Verse from memory.

            ∙          Discuss Christ's major encounters with women during His earthly ministry.

            ∙          Recognize your relationship to Jesus is based on God's will.

KEY VERSE:

For whosoever shall do the will of my Father which is in Heaven, the same is my brother and sister and mother. (Matthew 12:50)

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter you will study the relationship of Jesus Christ to women. In the next chapter, you will expand upon the general background gained in this chapter to study all Jesus communicated to and about women.

In the personality of God, there is a blend of the characteristics of both father and mother. The Old Testament pictures motherhood when Isaiah records God's words:

Can a woman forget her sucking child, that she should not have compassion on the son of her womb? yea, they may forget, yet will I not forget thee. (Isaiah 49:15)

As one whom his mother comforteth, so will I comfort you. (Isaiah 66:13)

Jesus reflected a mother's instinct when He said:

O Jerusalem, Jerusalem...how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings.

(Matthew 23:37)

The teaching of Christ was "sexless" because nowhere does He give instructions applicable to women only. There are only a few instructions to His disciples which apply to men alone. (For examples, see Matthew 5:28,32 and 23:8.)

WOMEN AND DISCIPLESHIP

Christ included women in His teaching. In Mark 7:10-11 He spoke of honoring parents, and repeated the words "father" and "mother" four times in two verses. There was a Greek word for "parents" which He could have used, but He apparently wanted to emphasize that both mother and father be honored equally.

When Jesus spoke regarding discipleship, He included the females:

            Suppose ye that I am come to give peace on earth? I tell you, Nay; but rather division...The father shall be divided against the son, and the son against the father; the mother against the daughter, and the daughter against the mother; the mother-in-law against her daughter in law. (Luke 12:51,53)

Another passage regarding discipleship includes a reference to women:

There is no man that hath left house, or brethren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or children ...for my sake and the gospel's, but he shall receive an hundred fold...houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, and children. (Mark 10:29-30)

On one occasion, when Jesus was speaking to a crowd, His mother and brothers came looking for Him. When told they were seeking Him, Jesus said:

Who is my mother? and who are my brethren? And he stretched forth his hand toward his disciples and said, Behold my mother and my brethren. For whosoever shall do the will of my Father...the same is my brother, and sister, and mother. (Matthew 12:46-50; Mark 3:31-35)

This verse presents an important truth regarding your relationship to Jesus. Your relationship is not based on whether you are male or female, young or old, married or single. Your relationship is based upon doing God's will. Part of "doing God's will" is accepting Jesus as personal Savior, as God is...

...not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance. (II Peter 3:9)

DEFENSE OF WOMEN

On two occasions, Jesus defended women. When some mothers brought their children to Jesus to be blessed, the Disciples rebuked them but Jesus said:

Suffer the little children to come unto me, and forbid them not; for of such is the Kingdom of God. (Mark 10:14)

When Mary of Bethany poured costly perfume on Jesus, the Disciples called it a waste. Jesus said her act would be told as a memorial wherever the Gospel was preached because she understood the plan for His death and burial and was anointing Him in preparation for

it.

WOMEN IN THE COMPANY OF CHRIST

Christ did not call a woman as one of the twelve disciples selected at the beginning of His public ministry. To have chosen a woman for such close association would not have been considered proper. The Bible does refer to certain women who joined the traveling company of Jesus to minister:

It came to pass afterward, that he went throughout every city and village, preaching and shewing the glad tidings of the kingdom of God; and the twelve were with him.

And certain women, which had been healed of evil spirits and infirmities, Mary called Magdalene, out of whom went seven devils, And Joanna the wife of Chuza, Herod's steward, and Susanna, and many others, which ministered unto him of their substance. (Luke 8:1-3)

Some people believe because Christ did not call any women among the original twelve, there should be no women leaders in the Church. But He also did not choose a Gentile, yet the Gospel was extended to the Gentiles and we have had many great Gentile spiritual leaders. He did not organize anything resembling most Churches today, with one pastor trained in a seminary, Sunday schools, Church boards, etc., yet we freely use these in our Church structure.

THE COURTESY OF CHRIST

Christ was always courteous to women. He never talked down or spoke angrily to them. At the age of twelve, Jesus went with his parents to a Passover Feast in Jerusalem. At the end of the first day of the return journey home, His parents could not find Him in the caravan, so they returned to the city. Finally, they found Him with the religious leaders in the temple. When His mother rebuked Him, His response was a simple explanation and then He went home with His parents and was subject (obedient) to them (Luke 2).

One occasion where Jesus spoke with what might appear to be a lack of courtesy was at the wedding in Cana. When the host ran out of wine, Jesus's mother told Him and His answer was:

Woman, what have I to do with thee? Mine hour is not yet come.

(John 2:4)

This did not mean He did not respect the suggestion that He do something about the problem. The term "woman" was not one of disrespect. In the proper timing, Jesus did what Mary desired and miraculously turned water into wine. Mary was not offended at His answer, but told the servants:

Whatsoever He saith unto you, do it. (John 2:5)

When the mother of James and John came to Jesus with the selfish request that her sons be seated at His right and left sides in the Kingdom of Heaven, He did not rebuke her. He replied:

Ye know not what ye ask..to sit on my right hand, and on my left, is not mine to give, but it shall be given to them for whom prepared of my Father. (Matthew 20:20-23)

Read Matthew 15:21-28 where a Gentile woman asked for her daughter to be healed. Christ's answer did not reflect discourtesy because the word "dog" was a commonly used term referencing the Gentiles.* The exchange with this woman ended in Christ's highest commendation, "O woman, great is thy faith".

There are three incidents recorded in Scripture where Jesus ministered to adulteresses. Look these up and read them in your Bible:

            John 8:2-11:                The woman caught in adultery.

            Luke 7:38-39: The adulteress washing Jesus feet.

            John 4:5-30:                The woman at the well.

In each case, Jesus displayed courtesy, love, and a forgiving attitude.

The encounter with the Samaritan woman at the well is interesting in studying the relationship of Jesus to women. The Samaritans were enemies of the Jews and were considered uneducated and offensive. In addition, this women was an adulteress.

______________________________

* The word "Gentile" refers to nations other than Israel.

But Jesus chose this woman, a Gentile and a sinner, as the first person (as far as Scripture records) to whom He revealed that He was the Messiah. He considered her capable of grasping this great spiritual truth. She became an evangelist instantly and ran to the city to bring people to Christ. The result was...

...they besought Him that He would tarry with them; and He abode there two days. And many more believed because of His own word. (John 4:40-42)

During a visit in the home of Mary and Martha, Martha was upset because of all the household chores. She complained because Mary did nothing but sit at the feet of Jesus. Instead of rebuking her, Jesus answered:

Martha, Martha, thou art careful and troubled about many things. But...Mary hath chosen that good part, which shall not be taken away from her.

            (Luke 10:41)

When a poor widow put two mites in the offering box, Jesus courteously commended the small donation. He said:

This poor widow hath cast more in, than all they which have cast into the treasury; for all they did cast in of their abundance; but she of her want did cast in all she had. (Mark 12:43-44)

The Gospels show that Jesus regarded women as worth communicating with, capable of grasping deep spiritual truths, exercising great faith, and setting standards of sacrificial giving.

COMPASSION ON WOMEN

A special characteristic of Christ's attitude toward women was compassion. When He raised the son of the widow of Nain from the dead, He appears to have done it primarily out of compassion for her:

And when the Lord saw her, He had compassion on her and said unto her, weep not. (Luke 7:13)

It was His compassion for widows which aroused His anger against those who prayed for public show and then stole widow's houses:

Beware of the scribes....which devour widows houses, and for a shew make long prayers. (Luke 21:46-47)

When He fed the multitudes, which included women, it was because He had compassion on them. Read these accounts in Mark 6 (noting verse 34) and Mark 8 (noting verse 2).

When Jesus spoke of the future destruction of Jerusalem, He added this compassionate warning:

Woe to them that are with child, and to them that give suck in those days. And pray ye that your flight be not in the winter. (Mark 13:17)

When Jesus was on the way to Golgotha carrying the cross, there were many women in the crowd around the soldiers and prisoners. These women were mourning for Him. His concern was more for them than for Himself. He said:

Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children.

For behold, the days are coming in which they will say, Blessed are the barren, and the womb that never bare, and the paps that never gave suck.

            (Luke 23:28-29)

Right to the end of His earthly ministry, in the midst of His own suffering, His compassion and concern for women never failed.

SELF-TEST

5.         Your relationship with Jesus is based on...

_______________________________________________________________________________

2.         Write the Key Verse from memory:

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

3.         Read the names in list one. Select the sentence in list two which tells what Jesus said to each person or group. Put the number of that sentence in front of the correct name.

            _____Women with children               1. This will be told as a memorial for her.

            _____Mary the Mother of Jesus         2. Jesus told her He was the Messiah.

            _____Adultress washing feet 3. "Suffer the little children to come unto me."

            _____Gentile woman who wanted     4. Jesus commended her for her giving.

healing for her daughter

            _____Martha                                      5. "Mary has chosen the better part."

            _____Poor widow                              6. "Great is thy faith."

            ____Woman at the Well                     7. "Woman, what have I to do with thee?"

(Answers to tests are provided at the conclusion of the final chapter in this manual.)

FOR FURTHER STUDY

To continue your study of the relationship of Jesus to women, study the following records of His conversations with them:

                                                Matthew                    Mark                          Luke                           John

His mother:

            In childhood                                                                           2:41-50

            At Cana                                                                                                          2:1-11

            On the cross                                                                                                    19:25-27

______________________________________________________________________________

Martha:

            Serving                                                                                   10:38-42

            Raising of Lazarus                                                                                          11:1-44

______________________________________________________________________________

Mary of Bethany                    26:6-13                       14:3-9                                     12:1-9

___________________________________________________________________________

Mary of Magdala                    28:9-10                                               8:2                  14:14-18

______________________________________________________________________________

Samaritan woman                                                                                                       4:1-42

______________________________________________________________________________

Woman in adultery                                                                                                     8:1-11

______________________________________________________________________________

Sinner                                                                                                 7:36-50

______________________________________________________________________________

Daughter of

Phoenician woman                 15:22-28                     7:24-30

______________________________________________________________________________

Daughter of Jarius

     and                                      9:20-25                       5:25-42                                   8:43-56

Woman with issue

of blood

______________________________________________________________________________

Peter's mother-in-law             8:14-15                       1:30-31                                   4:38-39

______________________________________________________________________________

Widow's son                                                               7:11-15

_______________________________________________________________________________

Deformed woman                                                       13:11-13

______________________________________________________________________________

CHAPTER SEVEN

THE MINISTRY OF JESUS TO WOMEN

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this chapter you will be able to:

            ∙          Write the Key Verse from memory.

            ∙          Discuss the parables of Jesus involving women in terms of people, problems, and principles.

            ∙          Apply principles of the parables to your own life and ministry.

            ∙          Discuss the miracles of Jesus involving women in terms of people, problems, and performance.

            ∙          Continue with independent study of Jesus's ministry to women.

KEY VERSE:

And there are also many other things which Jesus did, the which, if they should be written every one, I suppose that even the world itself could not contain the book that should be written. (John 21:25)

INTRODUCTION

In the last chapter we studied the relationship of Jesus to women. Jesus had important things to say to and about women. He taught on special subjects of interest to them and included women in some of His parables. He also ministered in miraculous ways to women during His earthly ministry. This chapter examines these aspects of Christ's ministry to women.

PARABLES OF JESUS

Parables were a method of teaching Jesus used frequently during His earthly ministry. A parable is "an earthly story with a heavenly meaning." A parable presents spiritual truths in the form of a story which the listener can understand easily.

Jesus used four special parables about women to present some important spiritual truths. Read each parable in your Bible before proceeding with the lesson. Each parable is viewed in terms of:

            The Person: Involved in the parable.

            The Problem: The situation which confronted the people in the parable.

            (The earthly story).

            The Principle: The important truth Jesus was teaching.

            (The heavenly meaning).

Now, study the parables:

THE LOST COIN: Luke 15:8-10

The Person: A woman with ten pieces of silver.

The Problem: One piece was lost.

Principle: Jesus used this parable and two others to illustrate similar truths. Read the parable of the lost sheep preceding the parable of the coin (Luke 15:3-7). Then read the parable of the

prodigal son which follows (Luke 15:11-32).

Christ's purpose in this series of parables was to answer an accusation of the Pharisees that He was receiving sinners and eating with them which Jewish people were forbidden to do (see verses 1-2).

Jesus was demonstrating the importance of reaching lost souls. It was necessary to receive sinners and relate to them in order to reach them with the salvation message. He used the illustrations of a lost sheep, a missing coin, and a wayward son to explain this truth. Property, money, and family were things valued by the Pharisees and they could relate to these illustrations.

Jesus used the example of a woman seeking for a lost coin as well as a man seeking a lamb. Women have a specific role in reaching lost souls. Like the woman in the parable, we need to light our spiritual lights and seek diligently for the lost. There is joy in the presence of the angels as we bring those who are lost to the Savior. Have you been seeking diligently for the lost?

THE PERSISTENT WIDOW: Luke 18:1-8

Person: A widow woman who was seeking justice from a wicked judge who feared neither God nor man.

Problem: She was seeking justice for her "adversary." The parable does not indicate who the adversary was or what evil he had done to her. The wicked judge would do nothing for the widow at first, but because she kept coming to him he decided to settle the case in her favor so she would not continue to bother him.

Principle: Jesus was illustrating that perseverance brings a response from God. Jesus used this example to encourage His followers to pray and not give up (verse 1). If an unjust judge finally responds, so a just God responds to the perseverance of His people and answers their requests:

The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much.

(James 5:16b)

THE TEN VIRGINS: Matthew 25:1-13

Persons: Five wise women, five foolish women, and an unknown person or group warning of the approaching bridegroom.

Problem: Ten women were waiting for the arrival of a bridal party. Five women were wise and brought vessels with extra oil for their lamps. Five women were foolish and brought no extra oil.

All of the women fell asleep while they were waiting. Suddenly, a cry was given that the bridegroom was coming and all the women awoke to turn up their lamps. The foolish women discovered their oil was all used and their lamps were out. They tried to borrow oil from the wise women who had oil, but were refused.

While the foolish women were gone trying to buy oil, the bridegroom came and the wise women entered to the marriage feast with him. When the foolish women returned with their oil, the door was shut and they could not get in. It was too late. They had waited too long to prepare themselves.

Principle: This parable was presented by Jesus during a discussion with His disciples concerning the end of the world. Read the beginning of the discussion in chapter 24.

Chapter 25 is a continuation of this discussion. Jesus told His disciples that in the last days the spiritual situation would be similar to the parable of the virgins. Some people will be prepared

to meet the Lord spiritually but will be "sleeping" and not alert to His returning. This is the group described as the "wise virgins."

Although they are saved, they are doing nothing to warn people around them of the soon coming of the bridegroom. Nevertheless, they experience a spiritual awakening right before His return and are prepared to meet Him.

The foolish virgins illustrate another group of people who are also unaware of Christ's coming. They are unprepared. They wait too late to fill their spiritual vessels and they do not go with Christ on His return.

They try to get in on the basis of the preparations of the wise virgins, but this is not possible. You cannot gain access to the Kingdom of God on the basis of someone else's experience. You must make your own preparations to meet Him.

There is a third group of people in this parable. Although the virgins described as wise and foolish all slept, someone was awake to give the cry that the bridegroom was coming. There will be a group of God's people who will be alert to His soon return, awake spiritually and watching for Him to come. They will be used to alert the people of God who are sleeping and not aware of the short time before the return of Jesus.

To which category do you belong? Are you spiritually prepared to meet the Lord but not really alert to the fact that He is coming soon? Are you sleeping spiritually instead of sending out the cry to others to prepare for His return?

Are you like the foolish virgins? Perhaps you have not yet prepared yourself spiritually to meet Jesus. You have no oil in your vessel. You are asleep and empty spiritually. Hear the cry of His soon return and prepare yourself now, before it is too late.

Are you one of the unnamed third group, those who were alert to the soon return of the bridegroom and were warning and preparing others to meet Him? To which of these three groups do you belong?

THE WOMAN WITH LEAVEN: Matthew 13:33; Luke 13:20-21

Person: An unnamed woman.

Problem: She is preparing bread and uses a little bit of leaven to leaven three measures of meal. One "measure" was about a peck and a half of meal.

Principle: This parable is one of several Jesus used to illustrate truths regarding His kingdom to which He refers as "the Kingdom of Heaven."

Many times in the Bible leaven is used as an example of evil. It is used to show how a little evil reproduces itself and increases into much evil just as leaven spreads throughout a lump of dough. In this parable, however, leaven is used to illustrate that in God's Kingdom, a little act can multiply to yield great results.

Just as a small bit of leaven spreads throughout the meal to prepare a great lump of dough for baking, so the leaven of God's Word reproduces itself. This is a principle we refer to as "leaven-like evangelism." Harvestime International Institute offers a course by this title centering on an evangelistic approach which will reproduce itself throughout the world.

This parable illustrates several important principles. First, you can have the leaven (the Word) and the lump that needs the leaven (the world), but nothing will happen until the Word (leaven) is placed in the hearts of the people of the world (the lump).

Second, the human instrument is the agent God uses to put the leaven in the lump. God chooses people like you to bring the Word to the world.

Third, small things reproduce to become great in the economy of God's Kingdom. A small attempt at leaven-like evangelism will continue to reproduce itself throughout the lump of the world. As the prophet Zechariah said:

For who hath despised the day of small things? (Zechariah 4:10)

A SUMMARY OF THE PARABLES

Jesus used women to illustrate some great truths about His Kingdom. The widow illustrates the importance of persevering in prayer that the Kingdom of Heaven will be set in order, the enemy defeated, and God's people avenged. The woman with the leaven demonstrates the importance of action in God's Kingdom. You must sow the leaven of the Word in the lump of the world.

But sowing is not enough. You must also learn how to reap. This is illustrated by the woman with the lost coin. She looked until she found the coin. You must not only sow the leaven of the Word, but you must reap the harvest and reach lost men and women.

Finally, the parable of the virgins reveals that in the closing days of time, some will be prepared to enter the Kingdom of God and others will not. The composite picture of women Jesus portrays through these parables is one of women who are active in the Kingdom of God, who will persevere in prayer, sow the seed of the Word, reap the lost, and give the warning cry to those who are spiritually sleeping.

MIRACLES OF JESUS

Jesus performed several miracles which involved women during His earthly ministry. You will record your own comments on this study. Review the pattern used in the study of the parables and follow it as you study the miracles of Jesus involving women. Record your study in terms of:

            People: Involved in the miracle Jesus performed.

            Problem: The need with which Jesus was confronted.

Performance: Jesus's response to that need. What was the miracle He performed and how did He do it? What were the results of the miracle?

PETER'S MOTHER-IN-LAW:

Matthew 8:1-15; Mark 1:30-31; Luke 4:38-39.

People:

Problem:

Performance:

WOMAN WITH THE ISSUE OF BLOOD:

Matthew 9:20-22; Mark 5:25-29; Luke 8:43-48.

People:

Problem:

Performance:

CANAANITE WOMAN'S DAUGHTER:

Matthew 15:21-28; Mark 7:24-30.

People:

Problem:

Performance:

DEFORMED WOMAN:

Luke 13:11-13

People:

Problem:

Performance:

JARIUS' DAUGHTER:

Matthew 9:18-19, 23-25; Mark 5:22,24, 38-42; Luke 8:41-42, 49-56.

People:

Problem:

Performance:

WIDOW'S SON AT NAIN:

Luke 7:11-15.

People:

Problem:

Performance:

BROTHER OF MARY AND MARTHA:

John 11:1-44

People:

Problem:

Performance:

A SUMMARY OF THE MIRACLES

The outstanding characteristic of Jesus evident in each miracle which He performed involving women is compassion. Whether it was a short term illness like the fever of Peter's mother-in-law or a long term disease like the issue of the blood and the woman with the deformed back, He showed concern and compassion.

It is interesting to note that His miracles followed a progression. First He dealt with short term illness such as fever. Then He dealt with long term disease such as the issue of blood and the deformed back. Even the raising of the dead had a pattern. First He raised the widow's son and Jarius' daughter, both of whom had been dead only a short time. Then He raised Lazarus who had been dead and in the tomb for several days.

Jesus raised Jarius' daughter in the house right after her death. The widow's son was resurrected to life on the way to the graveyard. Lazarus was resurrected from the grave where he had been several days. It does not matter at what point Jesus enters the problems of your life. His power is sufficient at any stage of your need.

WORDS OF JESUS TO AND ABOUT WOMEN

In addition to the parables and the miracles which involved women, Jesus had much to say regarding topics of interest to women. These included instructions on the subjects of marriage, adultery, children, etc. Jesus also talked directly with women on many occasions.

In the "For Further Study" section of this chapter you will find a list of the subjects of interest to women on which Jesus spoke. These sections are designed to accomplish one of the major objectives of Harvestime Institute which is your continued study of God's Word. We want you to be able to examine the truth of the Word yourself. This section enables you to do that as you continue your study of the ministry of Jesus to women.

SELF-TEST

4.         Write the Key Verse from memory.

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2.         List at least four parables which Jesus told that involved women:

            (1)______________________________________________________________________

            (2)______________________________________________________________________

            (3)______________________________________________________________________

            (4)______________________________________________________________________

3.         List at least four miracles which He performed which involved women.

            (1)______________________________________________________________________

            (2)______________________________________________________________________

            (3)______________________________________________________________________

            (4)______________________________________________________________________

(Answers to tests are provided at the conclusion of the final chapter in this manual.)

FOR FURTHER STUDY

Jesus made several comments on special subjects of interest to women, ie., on marriage, divorce, and children. To further your knowledge of His ministry to and about women, research the words of Jesus on...

MARRIAGE:

Matthew         19:4-6; 22:30

Mark               10:6-9; 12:25

Luke               20:34-35

CHILDREN:

Matthew         9:14; 18:3-5, 6, 10, 14; 21:16

Mark               9:37, 42; 10:14-15;

Luke               9:48; 18:17

DIVORCE-ADULTERY:

Matthew         5: 27-28; 31-32; 15:19; 19:8-9; 11-12; 17-18

Mark               7:21-22; 10:3,5,11-12, 19

Luke               16:18; 18:20

REGARDING WOMEN:

Matthew         5:28; 9:20, 22; 11:11; 13:33; 14:21; 15:38; 19:8; 22; 24:41; 26; 27:55; 28:5

Mark               5,7, 10:12; 12:22; 14:3; 15:40,41

Luke               1:28,42; 4:26-27; 7:8; 8:2,43,47; 10:38; 11:27; 13:11,12,16,21; 15:8; 17:27,35; 20:32; 22:57; 23:27,49,55; 24:10,22,24

John                2:4; 4:7,9,11,15,17,19,20,21,25,27,28,39,42; 8:3,4,9,10; 16:21; 19:26; 20:13,15

CHAPTER EIGHT

WOMEN IN THE BOOK OF ACTS

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this chapter you will be able to:

            ∙          Write the Key Verse from memory.

            ∙          Identify ministries of women in the early Church.

            ∙          Continue with independent study of the subject of women in the book of Acts.

KEY VERSE:

And on my servants and on my handmaidens I will pour out in those days of my Spirit; and they shall prophesy. (Acts 2:18)

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter you will study each reference to women in the book of Acts. Since Acts tells of the organization of believers into the Church, the study provides knowledge of the position and ministry of women in the first Church.

Understanding the position of women in the early Church is important because it establishes the foundation for the ministry of women in the Church today. It will help you discover the special place of ministry God has for you in His Body, the Church.

GENERAL REFERENCES

There are numerous references to women in the book of Acts. Six verses refer to famous women who are not related to the study of the early Church:

Pharaoh's daughter: Acts 7:21

Candace, in whose service was the eunuch converted through Philip's witness: Acts 8:27

Drusilla, wife of the governor, Felix: Acts 24:24

Bernice, sister of King Agrippa: Acts 25:23

The goddess Diana, worshiped as mother of gods and men, whose temple at Ephesus was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World: Acts 19:27

Paul's sister: Acts 23:16

The remaining references to women are considered under general headings which reflect their positions and ministries in the Church.

MEMBERS OF THE CHURCH

In most places where the Gospel was preached, women (both Jew and Gentile) are mentioned as being among those who believed. In Jerusalem, multitudes of both men and women believed. (Acts 5:14). In Samaria, both men and women believed as a result of Philip's preaching (Acts 8:12). At Joppa, Dorcas and other women were members of the early Church (Acts 9:36-43). At Lystra lived Timothy's mother Eunice and grandmother who were believers (Acts 16:1).

At Philippi, Lydia became the first Christian convert in Europe and there were other unnamed women who were part of the Church there (Acts 16:13-15).

In Thessalonica and Berea many of the chief women believed (Acts 17:4,12). The greatest number of women believers mentioned were in Macedonia. Even in Athens where response to Paul's preaching was minimal, a woman named Damaris and others believed (Acts 17:34).

These women were not just passive audiences. They were true believers in the Gospel and were baptized into the Church:

But when they believed Philip preaching the things concerning the kingdom of God, and the name of Jesus Christ, they were baptized, both men and women. (Acts 8:12)

INTERCESSORS

Women in the early Church were intercessors in prayer. Mary, the mother of Jesus, joined the men in prayer waiting for the coming of the Holy Spirit:

These all continued with one accord in prayer and supplication, with the women and Mary, the mother of Jesus, and with his brethren. (Acts 1:14)

When Peter was put in prison by Herod, the believers were praying in the home of Mary, the mother of John Mark. Rhoda, one of the women in the prayer meeting, met Peter at the door after the angel delivered him from the jail and carried news of the victory to others at the prayer meeting (Acts 12:12-16).

In the city of Philippi, a group of women met by the river to pray:

And on the sabbath we went out of the city by a river side, where prayer was wont to be made, and we sat down, and spake unto the women which resorted there. (Acts 16:13)

The phrase "wont to be made" means that it was the habit of the women to gather there for prayer.

RECIPIENTS OF THE HOLY SPIRIT

In Acts 2:1, Luke records "they" were all in one accord in one place. These "all" were the same people mentioned in chapter 1:14-15 who were waiting for the outpouring of God's power. Mary was mentioned as one of those waiting for the Holy Spirit. This means when the Holy Spirit came on them "all," women were included.

As observers asked what was happening, Peter's explanation of the coming of the Holy Spirit centered on the prophecy of Joel. It verified that God's power would be poured out upon women:

...this is that which was spoken by the prophet Joel...I will pour out of my spirit on all flesh; and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy...and on my servants and on my handmaidens I will pour out in those days of my Spirit, and they shall prophesy. (Acts 2:15-18)

Centuries prior to the coming of the Holy Spirit, God provided for women to be included in the demonstration of His power.

PROPHETESSES

Acts records how women fulfilled Joel's prophecy:

And the same man (Philip the evangelist) had four daughters, virgins, which did prophesy. (Acts 21:9)

Because of this passage, the prophecy given by Joel, and some teachings of Paul which you will study later in this course it is important to understand the meaning of the word "prophesy". Two major Bible concordances, Strong's and Young's, as well as an excellent study of Bible words by Vine provide the following meanings for the word:

"Speaking under inspiration

Revealing the will, mind, counsel and ways of God

Publicly expounding"

The word "prophesy" also includes teaching or preaching under the inspiration of God as well as using the gift of prophecy, one of the special gifts of the Holy Spirit. You will study this later as you study the role of women in spiritual gifts.

SUPPORTERS OF GOD'S WORK

Women in Acts provided material support to the work of God. Lydia provided lodging to Paul's missionary team. Dorcas had a ministry to widow women which included providing them with clothing. In Corinth, Paul lived in the home of Priscilla, who not only shared in her husband Aquila's business but also had an important place in the Corinthian Church. They allowed Paul to share in their business during his stay in Corinth.

PERSECUTED AND PERSECUTORS

Women were victims of the severe persecution which came upon the early Church. Before the Apostle Paul's conversion, the Bible records that he entered into homes and temples of worship and bound both men and women to take them to Jerusalem for trial (Acts 8:3 and 9:2). Later, he admitted:

I persecuted this way unto the death, binding and delivering both into prisons both men and women. (Acts 22:4)

Women also served as persecutors of the early Church. In Antioch of Pisidia, some Jewish women called "devout and honorable" raised up persecution against Paul and Barnabas.

RESPONSIBLE SINNERS

Women were held accountable for sin. Perhaps the most tragic story involving a woman is the account in Acts 5:1-11 of a woman named Sapphira who joined her husband in a deceitful plan concerning money.

As you read this story, note that it is an opposite situation to that of Adam and Eve. Here, Satan put the scheme in the husband's heart and Sapphira joined him in the plan.

Sapphira was held equally guilty because she had full knowledge of her husband's sin and joined him in it. In moral issues, a woman can not be blindly obedient to a husband and use the claim of submission to him to excuse her sin.

The same standard of holiness is expected from every follower of Christ, whether male or female.

SELF-TEST

4.         Write the Key Verse from memory.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

2.         List at least four ministries in which women engaged according to the record of the book of Acts.

            (1)______________________________________________________________________

            (2)______________________________________________________________________

            (3)______________________________________________________________________

            (4)______________________________________________________________________

3.         Read the following statements. If the statement is true, mark T in the blank in front of it. If it is false, mark F in the blank.

            _____a.           Women were not allowed to prophesy in the early Church.

            _____b.           Women were not responsible for their sin if their mate asked them to

                                    sin.

            _____c.           Women were not allowed to pray and receive the Holy Spirit.

_____d.There is no record that women were included in the prayer meetings

                                     held by the Church.

(Answers to tests are provided at the conclusion of the final chapter in this manual.)

FOR FURTHER STUDY

1.         Acts documents that women were prophets in the early Church. The Old Testament reveals that they also served in this ministry prior to the coming of Christ. Study the following references for further information on the Old Testament prophetesses:

            Miriam:                                  Exodus 15:20

            Deborah:                                 Judges 4:4

            Huldah:                                   II Kings 22:14; II Chronicles 34:22

            Noadiah:                                 Nehemiah 6:14

            Unnamed woman:                  Isaiah 8:3

2.         All the references to women in the book of Acts are recorded below. Continue your study by using this list. Some references do not give specific names but speak of groups of women. A column is provided for you to record comments on each reference. The first two are done as examples for you to follow:

Reference In Acts                             Woman                      Comments

Acts 1:14                    Mary                           Continued in prayer with disciples

______________________________________________________________________________

2:17                            Daughters                   Will prophesy

______________________________________________________________________________

2:18

______________________________________________________________________________

5:1-11

______________________________________________________________________________

5:14

______________________________________________________________________________

6:1

______________________________________________________________________________

7:21

______________________________________________________________________________

8:3

______________________________________________________________________________

8:12

______________________________________________________________________________

8:27

______________________________________________________________________________

9:2

______________________________________________________________________________

Reference In Acts                             Woman                                  Comments

9:36

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12:12-16

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13:50

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16:1

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16:13

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16:14-40

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17:4

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17:12

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17:34

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18:2

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18:18

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18:26

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19:27

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21:5

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22:9

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22:4

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23:16

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24:24

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25:13

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25:23

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26:30

CHAPTER NINE

WOMEN IN THE EPISTLES: SPECIFIC MINISTRIES

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this chapter you will be able to:

            ∙          Write the Key Verse from memory.

            ∙          Identify women with ministries mentioned in the Epistles.

            ∙          Summarize the ministries in which these women were engaged.

            ∙          Continue with independent study of the Epistles.

KEY VERSE:

Therefore they that were scattered abroad went every where preaching the Word. (Acts 8:4)

INTRODUCTION

We previously studied the position of women in the early Church as recorded in the book of Acts. The group of books known as the Epistles provide additional knowledge of women's ministries in the early Church. They also give specific instructions to women.

This and the following two chapters focus on "Women In The Epistles." This chapter discusses women with specific ministries who are mentioned in these books. The next chapter discusses the general position of women in the early Church as taught by the Epistles.

The final chapter on "Women In The Epistles" focuses on special categories of women addressed by these books, (i.e., single, widowed, married, young, old, mothers, etc.) and special instructions regarding the dress and disposition of women.

THE EPISTLES

The New Testament consists of four major divisions. These include the Gospels, which are the books of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John which tell of the life and ministry of Jesus Christ.

Acts is a special division which describes the formation of the early Church. There is one book of prophecy which is the final book in the New Testament. It is called Revelation.

All the other New Testament books are called Epistles because they were written to specific believers in a letter type format. They are an inspired part of the Word of God and applicable to all believers in addition to those to whom they were specifically addressed.

The following is a list of the Epistles and the names of the authors credited with writing them under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit:

            Romans

            I Corinthians

            II Corinthians

            Galatians

            Ephesians

            Philippians

            Colossians

            I Thessalonians            ☞                   These Epistles were all written by the Apostle Paul

            II Thessalonians

            I Timothy

            II Timothy

            Titus

            Philemon

            Hebrews

            James                                      James

            I Peter                                     Peter

            II Peter                                    Peter 

                                                                         ☞                     Each of these books were named for the person who wrote them

            I John                                      John

            II John                                    John

            III John                                   John

            Jude                                        Jude

WOMEN WITH MINISTRIES IN THE EPISTLES

WOMEN IN ROME:

Phoebe carried the great doctrinal statement of the book of Romans to the believers in Rome. In the original Greek text, Phoebe is referred to as a "diakonos." This word appears 22 times in the New Testament. In 18 of these, translators render it "minister" and three times as "deacon." In Phoebe's case, they change it to servant, perhaps reflecting bias on the part of the translators.

In introducing Phoebe to the believers in Rome, Paul says to:

...receive her in the Lord, as becometh saints, and that ye assist her in whatsoever business she hath need of you: for she has been a succourer of many, and of myself also. (Romans 16:2)

Some have thought from this passage that Phoebe provided hospitality to Paul, fed him, did his laundry, etc. But the word "succourer" actually means helper and the feminine form of the word means "one who stands before, a chief leader." The consideration Paul requests is the same he asks for male leaders and elders in I Thessalonians 5:12-13 and I Timothy 5:17.

In Romans 16, Paul refers to another woman in Rome, Prisca, who is married to Aquila. This is the same woman called Priscilla by Luke. Prisca is the more formal form of her name. We already learned about this woman in Chapter Eight.

The word "helper" which Paul used to describe her means "fellow worker." Paul stressed that Prisca and Aquila not only risked their lives but were also involved in an important ministry to the Gentile Churches.

Other women on Paul's list at Rome include Mary, who worked hard for the believers; Narcissus, who seemed to be the head of a household; Tryphena and Tryphosa, whose names mean dainty and delicate; and "the beloved Persis" who also worked hard in the Lord. There is a woman named Julia, about whom we are told nothing, and two others women whose names are not given, the mother of Rufus and the sister of Nereus. Junia, mentioned in Romans 16:7, was noted by the apostles for her faith, and was a fellow prisoner with Paul for the cause of Christ.

WOMEN IN THE OTHER EPISTLES:

Chloe is mentioned in I Corinthians 1:11. She sent a report to Paul about some disturbing things going on in the Church at Corinth. In Philemon, Paul addresses Apphia, Philemon's wife. This couple had a Church in their home as did Lydia and Nympha.

Euodia and Syntyche mentioned in Philippians 4:2 may have done evangelistic work, since Paul

describes them as "those women which labored (struggled) with me in the Gospel...with my other fellow laborers."

Paul extends greetings from "Claudia and all the brethren" in II Timothy 4:21 although we are not told anything about this woman.

SUMMARY

Review of specific women mentioned in the Epistles reveals that the position of women in the early Church were not passive. They struggled right along with the men to spread the Gospel message.

Godly women labored as fellow workers, had great responsibilities, organized Churches in their homes, and were imprisoned for their faith. They underwent persecution as did all the believers and when this forced them to leave Jerusalem, they preached the Gospel wherever they went:

Therefore they that were scattered abroad went every where preaching the Word. (Acts 8:4)

These women provide inspiring role models for Christian women who seek their own places of service in the spiritual harvest fields of the world.

SELF-TEST

2.         Write the Key Verse from memory:

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2.         Look at the list of names in list one. Find the sentence in list two that best describes each name. Write the number of that sentence in front of the name in list one.

            _____Phoebe              1. Risked her life to save Paul.

            _____Junia                 2. Carried the book of Romans from Paul to the Roman Church.

            _____Lydia                3. Sent Paul a report on the Church at Corinth.

            _____Choloe              4. Fellow prisoner with Paul.

            _____Prisca                5. Had a Church in her home.

(Answers to tests are provided at the conclusion of the final chapter in this manual.)

FOR FURTHER STUDY

The Epistles teach many important concepts applicable to the lives of believers in addition to the special subject of women on which these chapters are focused. To further your knowledge of these principles, as well as review the subject of women in the Epistles, we suggest you read each of these books. Using separate paper, prepare a chart for each book. On each chart list:

            The name of the book: Write the book's name.

            The author: (This was provided in the content of this chapter.)

Written to: You will always find who the Epistle is written to mentioned in the first chapter. Remember, although each book is addressed to specific believers in the early Church, each is inspired by the Holy Spirit and applicable to all believers.

As you read each chapter, record the following information on your chart:

            Chapter number: Number of the chapter you are studying.

Summary of chapter: The summary should state in your own words the central message of the chapter.

Key verse of chapter: The key verse is a reference you select from the chapter which summarizes the major concepts or an outstanding principle of the chapter.

Personal application: How you will apply what is taught to your personal life? Explain how the chapter applies to you personally.

The short Epistle of Jude is reviewed below as an example of this study format:

            The name of the book: Jude

            The author: Jude (verse 1)

Written to: Them that are sanctified by God the Father, preserved in Jesus Christ, and called. (verse 1)

            Chapter Number: One

            Summary: Jude warns believers to beware of deceivers and hold fast to the true faith.

Key Verse: But beloved, remember ye the words which were spoken before of the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ. Verse 17

Application: There are deceivers who may try to turn me away from true faith in Jesus Christ. I should follow the instructions in verses 20 through 21 to avoid being deceived.

CHAPTER TEN

WOMEN IN THE EPISTLES: POSITION IN THE CHURCH

OBJECTIVES:

Upon completion of this chapter you will be able to:

            ∙          Write the Key Verse from memory.

            ∙          Explain passages written by the Apostle Paul concerning women.

            ∙          Summarize the position of women in the early Church as taught in the Epistles.

KEY VERSE:

There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female; for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. (Galatians 3:28)

INTRODUCTION

The last chapter discussed women with specific ministries mentioned in the Epistles. Now we will study the general position of women in the Church as revealed in these same books.

Some of the teaching regarding women by the Apostle Paul is difficult to understand. Even the Apostle Peter mentioned the difficulty of interpreting all Paul shared under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit:

As also in all his epistles, speaking in them of these things; in which are some things hard to be understood, which they that are unlearned and unstable wrest, as they do also the other scriptures, unto their own destruction.

            (II Peter 3:16)

Peter indicates there are some things difficult to understand, but that only the unlearned and unstable argue over them. Such contention is to their own destruction. In other words, arguments over such things do not help anyone and actually damages the one arguing.

Various commentators have interpreted Paul's teaching on women in many ways. Just remember that when interpretation varies, arguments should not arise between believers.

If the discussion in this manual differs from your own personal interpretation or that of your denomination, please realize it is not intended to cause division. If you have personal convictions in certain areas, then you need to abide by them for conscience sake, as Paul says. It is important to remember that all the instructions in the Epistles of Paul, as well as those in the other Epistles, were given within the context of a Church in which women were active in ministry. We have already studied about their involvement in previous chapters on Acts and the Epistles. No passages in the Epistles can be used to forbid women access to dynamic Christian ministry like that of women in the early Church.

TEACHING AND PREACHING

One of the difficult passages in the Epistles affecting the role of women in the Church is in I Corinthians:

For God is not the author of confusion, but of peace, as in all Churches of the saints.

Let your women keep silence in the Churches; for it is not permitted unto them to speak; but they are commanded to be under obedience, as also saith the law.